class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Annotated[
        Item,
        Body(
            openapi_examples={
                "normal": {
                    "summary": "A normal example",

class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Item = Body(
        openapi_examples={
            "normal": {
                "summary": "A normal example",
                "description": "A **normal** item works correctly.",
                "value": {

}

// SMA struct for calculating simple moving average
type SMA struct {
	buf       []float64
	window    int     // len of buf
	idx       int     // current index in buf
	CAvg      float64 // cumulative average
	prevSMA   float64
	filledBuf bool
}

func newSMA(ln int) *SMA {
	if ln <= 0 {
		ln = defaultWindowSize
	}
	return &SMA{
		buf:    make([]float64, ln),
		window: ln,

            final StringBuilder readingBuf = new StringBuilder(text.length());
            if (readingTokenList != null && termTokenList != null) {
                int offset = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < readingTokenList.size(); i++) {
                    final String term = termTokenList.get(i).getTerm();
                    String reading = readingTokenList.get(i).getTerm();

@GwtCompatible
@NullUnmarked
@AndroidIncompatible // test-suite builders
public class ByteArrayAsListTest extends TestCase {

  private static List<Byte> asList(Byte[] values) {
    byte[] temp = new byte[values.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
      temp[i] = checkNotNull(values[i]); // checkNotNull for GWT (do not optimize).
    }
    return Bytes.asList(temp);
  }

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // suite

@GwtCompatible
@NullUnmarked
@AndroidIncompatible // test-suite builders
public class LongArrayAsListTest extends TestCase {

  private static List<Long> asList(Long[] values) {
    long[] temp = new long[values.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
      temp[i] = checkNotNull(values[i]); // checkNotNull for GWT (do not optimize).
    }
    return Longs.asList(temp);
  }

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // suite

        return new MavenContext(
                invokerRequest, true, (MavenOptions) invokerRequest.options().orElse(null));
    }

    @Override
    protected int execute(MavenContext context) throws Exception {
        MavenExecutionRequest request = prepareMavenExecutionRequest();
        toolchains(context, request);
        populateRequest(context, context.lookup, request);

Finally, the identity of our heroes is protected! 🥷

It also re-declares `id: int`. By doing this, we are making a **contract** with the API clients, so that they can always expect the `id` to be there and to be an `int` (it will never be `None`).

/// tip

Having the return model ensure that a value is always available and always `int` (not `None`) is very useful for the API clients, they can write much simpler code having this certainty.

Es deklariert auch `id: int` erneut. Indem wir dies tun, machen wir einen **Vertrag** mit den API-Clients, damit sie immer damit rechnen können, dass die `id` vorhanden ist und ein `int` ist (sie wird niemals `None` sein).

/// tip | Tipp

 * @author higa
 */
public abstract class InputStreamUtil {

    /**
     * Do not instantiate.
     */
    protected InputStreamUtil() {
    }

    /** Default buffer size. */
    private static final int BUF_SIZE = 4096;

    /**
     * Creates a {@link FileInputStream}.
     *
     * @param file the file (must not be {@literal null})
     * @return a {@link FileInputStream} to read from the file