from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl

app = FastAPI()


class Image(BaseModel):
    url: HttpUrl
    name: str


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: set[str] = set()
    images: Union[list[Image], None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")

@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class ListRemoveAtIndexTester<E> extends AbstractListTester<E> {
  @ListFeature.Require(absent = SUPPORTS_REMOVE_WITH_INDEX)
  @CollectionSize.Require(absent = ZERO)
  public void testRemoveAtIndex_unsupported() {
    assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> getList().remove(0));
    expectUnchanged();
  }

@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
public class MultisetAddTester<E> extends AbstractMultisetTester<E> {
  @CollectionFeature.Require(absent = SUPPORTS_ADD)
  public void testAddUnsupported() {
    assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> getMultiset().add(e0()));
  }

  @CollectionFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_ADD)
  public void testAddMeansAddOne() {

 * </p>
 * <p>
 * Additionally this class contains a clone of the MavenSession, which is *only* needed
 * because it has as notion of a "current" project.
 * </p>
 * <strong>NOTE:</strong> This class is not part of any public api and can be changed or deleted without prior notice.
 *
 * @since 3.0
 */
public final class ProjectSegment {
    private final MavenProject project;

 * ignored by {@link #visit}. This avoids infinite recursion caused by recursive type bounds.
 *
 * <p>This class is not thread safe.
 *
 * @author Ben Yu
 */
abstract class TypeVisitor {

  private final Set<Type> visited = new HashSet<>();

  /**
   * Visits the given types. Null types are ignored. This allows subclasses to call {@code

    TestHasher hasher = new TestHasher();
    assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> hasher.putBytes(new byte[8], -1, 4));
    assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> hasher.putBytes(new byte[8], 0, 16));
    assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> hasher.putBytes(new byte[8], 0, -1));
  }

  private class TestHasher extends AbstractByteHasher {

<img src="/img/python-types/image06.png">

Notice that this means "`one_person` is an **instance** of the class `Person`".

It doesn't mean "`one_person` is the **class** called `Person`".

## Pydantic models { #pydantic-models }

<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> is a Python library to perform data validation.

 *   <li>Logs a warning if an exception occurs during connection monitoring.</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 */
public class HcConnectionMonitorTarget implements TimeoutTarget {
    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(HcConnectionMonitorTarget.class);

    private final HttpClientConnectionManager clientConnectionManager;

    /**
     * The timeout duration (in milliseconds) for idle connections.

import jcifs.internal.smb1.trans.SmbComTransactionResponse;
import jcifs.internal.util.SMBUtil;

/**
 * Base class for SMB1 NT Transaction response messages.
 *
 * NT Transactions are an extended form of the basic transaction protocol
 * that provides additional functionality for Windows NT-specific operations.
 */
public abstract class SmbComNtTransactionResponse extends SmbComTransactionResponse {

 * This class extends MonitorTarget to provide monitoring functionality for
 * hot threads, which helps identify performance bottlenecks and resource
 * usage issues in the search engine cluster.
 */
public class HotThreadMonitorTarget extends MonitorTarget {
    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(HotThreadMonitorTarget.class);

    /**