* CharStreams} method returns a singleton writer whose {@code close} method has no effect, while
   * the {@link Writer#nullWriter()} method returns a new instance whose methods throw after the
   * instance is {@link Writer#close() closed}.
   *
   * @since 15.0
   */
  public static Writer nullWriter() {
    return NullWriter.INSTANCE;
  }

  private static final class NullWriter extends Writer {

                for (i in 0..9) {
                  sink.writeByte(0)
                  sink.flush()
                  sleep(100)
                }
                fail("Expected connection to be closed")
              }
            },
        ),
      )
    cancelLater(call, 500)
    assertFailsWith<IOException> {
      call.execute()
    }.also { expected ->

    @Override
    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
        try {
            if (this.usageCount != null && this.usageCount.get() != 0 && this.open) {
                log.warn("File handle was not properly closed, performing emergency cleanup: " + this);
                if (this.creationBacktrace != null) {
                    log.warn(Arrays.toString(this.creationBacktrace));
                }
                emergencyCloseHandle();

The application-layer can also do blocking reads. If the application asks to read and there's nothing available, we need to hold that thread until either the bytes arrive, the stream is closed, or a timeout elapses. If we get bytes but there's nobody asking for them, we buffer them. We don't consider bytes as delivered for flow control until they're consumed by the application.

 * <li> <code>CreateFile</code>, <code>ReadFile</code>,
 *      <code>WriteFile</code>, and <code>CloseFile</code> A byte-type pipe can
 *      be opened, written to, read from and closed using the standard Win32
 *      file operations.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>The jCIFS API maps all of these operations into the standard Java
 * <code>XxxputStream</code> interface. A special <code>PIPE_TYPE</code>

critical part of each interceptor’s implementation. This simple-looking method is where all the HTTP work happens, producing a response to satisfy the request. If `chain.proceed(request)` is being called more than once previous response bodies must be closed.

Interceptors can be chained. Suppose you have both a compressing interceptor and a checksumming interceptor: you'll need to decide whether data is compressed and then checksummed, or checksummed and then compressed. OkHttp uses lists to...

    }

    return response
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new source that writes bytes to [cacheRequest] as they are read by the source
   * consumer. This is careful to discard bytes left over when the stream is closed; otherwise we
   * may never exhaust the source stream and therefore not complete the cached response.
   */
  @Throws(IOException::class)
  private fun cacheWritingResponse(
    cacheRequest: CacheRequest?,

  }

  @Override
  public ImmutableRangeMap<K, V> subRangeMap(Range<K> range) {
    if (checkNotNull(range).isEmpty()) {
      return ImmutableRangeMap.of();
    } else if (ranges.isEmpty() || range.encloses(span())) {
      return this;
    }
    int lowerIndex =
        SortedLists.binarySearch(
            ranges,
            Range::upperBound,
            range.lowerBound,

    } finally {
      soTimeout = readTimeout
    }
  } catch (_: SocketTimeoutException) {
    true // Read timed out; socket is good.
  } catch (_: IOException) {
    false // Couldn't read; socket is closed.
  }

internal inline fun threadName(
  name: String,
  block: () -> Unit,
) {
  val currentThread = Thread.currentThread()
  val oldName = currentThread.name
  currentThread.name = name
  try {

        measureTime {
          val exception =
            assertFailsWith<IOException> {
              response.trailers()
            }
          assertThat(exception.message).isIn(
            "Socket closed", // HTTP/1.1
            "stream was reset: CANCEL", // HTTP/2
          )
        }
      assertThat(trailersDelay).isGreaterThan(250.milliseconds)
      assertThat(trailersDelay).isLessThan(750.milliseconds)