if (input == null || input.isEmpty()) {
                assertEquals(0, result.length, "Null or empty input should produce empty array");
            } else {
                assertTrue(result.length > 0, "Non-empty input should produce non-empty array");
            }
        }
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Unicode and ASCII Encoding")
    class UnicodeAndASCIITests {

        @Test

    testRule.beforeEach(extensionContext)

    val thread =
      object : Thread() {
        override fun run(): Unit = throw RuntimeException("boom!")
      }
    thread.start()
    thread.join()

    assertFailsWith<AssertionError> {
      testRule.afterEach(extensionContext)
    }.also { expected ->
      assertThat(expected).hasMessage("uncaught exception thrown during test")

        // Act: len==0 triggers initial token construction
        byte[] out = ctx.initSecContext(null, 0, 0);

        // Assert: returns a SPNEGO token (opaque here but non-null/non-empty)
        assertNotNull(out);
        assertTrue(out.length > 0);

        // Verify interactions: flags and an empty optimistic token are used
        verify(this.mechContext, times(1)).getFlags();

  }

  public void testJoin() {
    assertThat(Chars.join(",", EMPTY)).isEmpty();
    assertThat(Chars.join(",", '1')).isEqualTo("1");
    assertThat(Chars.join(",", '1', '2')).isEqualTo("1,2");
    assertThat(Chars.join("", '1', '2', '3')).isEqualTo("123");
  }

  public void testLexicographicalComparator() {
    List<char[]> ordered =

    assertEquals("::1", HostAndPort.fromString("[::1]:80").requireBracketsForIPv6().getHost());
    // Non-bracketed non-IPv6 works fine.
    assertEquals("x", HostAndPort.fromString("x").requireBracketsForIPv6().getHost());
    assertEquals("x", HostAndPort.fromString("x:80").requireBracketsForIPv6().getHost());

    // Non-bracketed IPv6 fails.
    assertThrows(
        IllegalArgumentException.class,

    assertEquals("::1", HostAndPort.fromString("[::1]:80").requireBracketsForIPv6().getHost());
    // Non-bracketed non-IPv6 works fine.
    assertEquals("x", HostAndPort.fromString("x").requireBracketsForIPv6().getHost());
    assertEquals("x", HostAndPort.fromString("x:80").requireBracketsForIPv6().getHost());

    // Non-bracketed IPv6 fails.
    assertThrows(
        IllegalArgumentException.class,

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Codes: all non-negative and unique")
    void codes_are_non_negative_and_unique() {
        // Edge checks: ensure there are no negative or duplicate codes
        Set<Integer> seen = new HashSet<>();
        for (int c : WinError.WINERR_CODES) {
            assertTrue(c >= 0, "Code should be non-negative: " + c);
            assertTrue(seen.add(c), "Duplicate code detected: " + c);

            cmdList.add(StringUtils.join(webConfigIds, ','));
        }
        if (fileConfigIds != null && fileConfigIds.length > 0) {
            cmdList.add("-f");
            cmdList.add(StringUtils.join(fileConfigIds, ','));
        }
        if (dataConfigIds != null && dataConfigIds.length > 0) {
            cmdList.add("-d");
            cmdList.add(StringUtils.join(dataConfigIds, ','));
        }

    <example>${fe:sdh(doc.similar_docs_hash)}</example>
  </function>

  <function>
    <description>Concatenate strings.</description>
    <name>join</name>
    <function-class>org.codelibs.fess.taglib.FessFunctions</function-class>
    <function-signature>java.lang.String join(java.lang.Object)</function-signature>
    <example>${fe:join(values)}</example>
  </function>

  <function>
    <description>

	accessKey string
	scope     struct {
		date    time.Time
		region  string
		service string
		request string
	}
}

// Return scope string.
func (c credentialHeader) getScope() string {
	return strings.Join([]string{
		c.scope.date.Format(yyyymmdd),
		c.scope.region,
		c.scope.service,
		c.scope.request,
	}, SlashSeparator)
}