int written = (buffer[0] & 0xFF) | ((buffer[1] & 0xFF) << 8);
        int expected = level & 0xFFFF;
        assertEquals(expected, written);
    }

    // Helper method to extract string from buffer
    private String extractStringFromBuffer(byte[] buffer, int offset, int maxLen) {
        int end = offset;
        while (end < offset + maxLen && buffer[end] != 0) {
            end++;

import org.codelibs.fess.app.service.WebConfigService;
import org.codelibs.fess.app.web.CrudMode;
import org.codelibs.fess.app.web.base.FessAdminAction;
import org.codelibs.fess.helper.SystemHelper;
import org.codelibs.fess.opensearch.config.exentity.WebAuthentication;
import org.codelibs.fess.opensearch.config.exentity.WebConfig;
import org.codelibs.fess.util.ComponentUtil;

import java.util.List;

import org.codelibs.core.beans.util.BeanUtil;
import org.codelibs.core.lang.StringUtil;
import org.codelibs.fess.Constants;
import org.codelibs.fess.app.pager.LabelTypePager;
import org.codelibs.fess.helper.LabelTypeHelper;
import org.codelibs.fess.mylasta.direction.FessConfig;
import org.codelibs.fess.opensearch.config.cbean.LabelTypeCB;
import org.codelibs.fess.opensearch.config.exbhv.LabelTypeBhv;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

/**
 * Tests for the PacSignature class.
 */
class PacSignatureTest {

    /**
     * Helper method to write integer in little-endian format.
     */
    private void writeLittleEndianInt(ByteArrayOutputStream baos, int value) {
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);

import org.codelibs.core.lang.StringUtil;
import org.codelibs.fess.Constants;
import org.codelibs.fess.app.pager.FailureUrlPager;
import org.codelibs.fess.exception.ContainerNotAvailableException;
import org.codelibs.fess.helper.SystemHelper;
import org.codelibs.fess.mylasta.direction.FessConfig;
import org.codelibs.fess.opensearch.config.cbean.FailureUrlCB;
import org.codelibs.fess.opensearch.config.exbhv.FailureUrlBhv;

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
 * either express or implied. See the License for the specific language
 * governing permissions and limitations under the License.
 */
package org.codelibs.fess.helper;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.codelibs.fess.mylasta.direction.FessConfig;
import org.codelibs.fess.unit.UnitFessTestCase;

import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;

      }
      s.getChars(lastEscape, slen, dest, destIndex);
      destIndex = sizeNeeded;
    }
    return new String(dest, 0, destIndex);
  }

  /**
   * Helper method to grow the character buffer as needed, this only happens once in a while so it's
   * ok if it's in a method call. If the index passed in is 0 then no copying will be done.
   */

        assertFalse(iterator.hasNext()); // Empty results

        // Verify tree handle was acquired
        verify(treeHandle).acquire();

        // Cleanup
        iterator.close();
    }

    // Helper method to create SMB URLs with proper handler
    private static URL createSmbURL(String urlString) throws MalformedURLException {
        return new URL(null, urlString, new jcifs.smb.Handler());
    }

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import junit.framework.AssertionFailedError;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;

/**
 * Implementation helper for {@link EqualsTester} and {@link EquivalenceTester} that tests for
 * equivalence classes.
 *
 * @author Gregory Kick
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
final class RelationshipTester<T> {

    IllegalArgumentException expected =
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> new PercentEscaper(" ", true));
    assertThat(expected).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo(msg);
  }

  /** Helper to manually escape a 7-bit ascii character */
  private String escapeAscii(char c) {
    Preconditions.checkArgument(c < 128);
    String hex = "0123456789ABCDEF";