}

    @Test
    void testOpenConnection_NullSystemProperty_UsesDefaultHandlers() throws Exception {
        // This test verifies that when the system property is null, the handler
        // falls back to using default handlers without throwing NullPointerException.
        System.clearProperty("java.protocol.handler.pkgs");
        setupMockProtocolHandlers();
        URL url = new URL("http://example.com/resource");

    /**
     * Creates a Role entity from form data.
     *
     * @param form the form containing the role data
     * @return optional entity containing the role data, or empty if creation fails
     */
    private static OptionalEntity<Role> getEntity(final CreateForm form) {
        switch (form.crudMode) {
        case CrudMode.CREATE:
            return OptionalEntity.of(new Role()).map(entity -> {

    }
  }

  @Override
  public Hasher newHasher() {
    if (supportsClone) {
      try {
        return new MacHasher((Mac) prototype.clone());
      } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
        // falls through
      }
    }
    return new MacHasher(getMac(prototype.getAlgorithm(), key));
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return toString;
  }

        scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(this::discoverInterfaces, 0, 30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    /**
     * Initialize multi-channel support
     *
     * @throws IOException if initialization fails
     */
    public void initializeMultiChannel() throws IOException {
        // Check server capability
        if (!supportsMultiChannel()) {
            log.info("Server does not support multi-channel");

#### Blocking APIs

Blocking APIs are convenient because you get top-to-bottom procedural code without indirection. Network calls work like regular method calls: ask for data and it is returned. If the request fails, you get a stacktrace right where the call was made.

     * Constructs KerberosEncData from encrypted token bytes.
     *
     * @param token the encrypted Kerberos token
     * @param keys map of encryption keys indexed by key type
     * @throws PACDecodingException if decoding fails
     */
    public KerberosEncData(byte[] token, Map<Integer, KerberosKey> keys) throws PACDecodingException {
        ASN1InputStream stream = new ASN1InputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(token));

     * and the transport will be in error.
     */

    /**
     * Establishes a connection to the remote endpoint.
     *
     * @throws Exception if the connection fails
     */
    protected abstract void doConnect() throws Exception;

    /* Tear down a connection. If the hard parameter is true, the diconnection

      this.returnTypeToTest = returnType;
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Tests null checks against the instance methods of the return values, if any.
     *
     * <p>Test fails if default value cannot be determined for a constructor or factory method
     * parameter, or if the constructor or factory method throws exception.
     *
     * @return this tester
     */
    @CanIgnoreReturnValue

 *
 * <p>
 * The class handles character encoding issues by attempting to use the specified charset.
 * If the specified charset is invalid, it falls back to UTF-8.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * The class also provides methods to set and get the charset name used for encoding and decoding the text content.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>

                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Silent token refresh failed: {}", e.getMessage());
                }
            }
            // For MSAL4J, if silent refresh fails, return true if token is still valid
            // Actual refresh will happen during next authentication request
            return true;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the Entra ID authentication result.