```python
    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
    from fastapi.security import APIKeyQuery

    app = FastAPI()

    query_scheme = APIKeyQuery(name="api_key")


    @app.get("/items/")
    async def read_items(api_key: str = Depends(query_scheme)):
        return {"api_key": api_key}
    ```
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        name: Annotated[
            str,

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/users/{user_id}")
async def get_user(user_id: str, request: Request):
    route: APIRoute = request.scope["route"]
    return {"user_id": user_id, "path": route.path}


@app.websocket("/items/{item_id}")
async def websocket_item(item_id: str, websocket: WebSocket):
    route: APIWebSocketRoute = websocket.scope["route"]

## `async` oder nicht `async`

Da Abhängigkeiten auch von **FastAPI** aufgerufen werden (so wie Ihre *Pfadoperation-Funktionen*), gelten beim Definieren Ihrer Funktionen die gleichen Regeln.

Sie können `async def` oder einfach `def` verwenden.

):
    return [item, sub_item]


@app.post("/with-duplicates")
async def with_duplicates(item: Item, item2: Item = Depends(duplicate_dependency)):
    return [item, item2]


@app.post("/no-duplicates")
async def no_duplicates(item: Item, item2: Item = Depends(dependency)):
    return [item, item2]


@app.post("/with-duplicates-sub")
async def no_duplicates_sub(

@app.get(
    "/a",
    status_code=204,
    response_class=JsonApiResponse,
    responses={500: {"description": "Error", "model": JsonApiError}},
)
async def a():
    pass


@app.get("/b", responses={204: {"description": "No Content"}})
async def b():
    pass  # pragma: no cover


client = TestClient(app)


def test_get_response():
    response = client.get("/a")

```

/// tip | "提示"

注意测试函数是普通的 `def`，不是 `async def`。

还有client的调用也是普通的调用，不是用 `await`。

这让你可以直接使用 `pytest` 而不会遇到麻烦。

///

/// note | "技术细节"

你也可以用 `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`。

**FastAPI** 提供了和 `starlette.testclient` 一样的 `fastapi.testclient`，只是为了方便开发者。但它直接来自Starlette。

///

/// tip | "提示"

* `close()`: Schließt die Datei.

Da alle diese Methoden `async`hron sind, müssen Sie sie `await`en („erwarten“).

Zum Beispiel können Sie innerhalb einer `async` *Pfadoperation-Funktion* den Inhalt wie folgt auslesen:

```Python
contents = await myfile.read()
```

    name: str
    owner: UserDB


class PetOut(BaseModel):
    name: str
    owner: UserBase


@app.post("/users/", response_model=UserBase)
async def create_user(user: UserCreate):
    return user


@app.get("/pets/{pet_id}", response_model=PetOut)
async def read_pet(pet_id: int):
    user = UserDB(
        email="******@****.***",
        hashed_password="secrethashed",
    )

package callbacks

import (
	"reflect"
	"sync"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
)

var schemaCache = &sync.Map{}

func TestConvertToCreateValues_DestType_Slice(t *testing.T) {
	type user struct {
		ID    int `gorm:"primaryKey"`
		Name  string
		Email string `gorm:"default:(-)"`
		Age   int    `gorm:"default:(-)"`
	}

@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item)
async def read_main(item_id: str, x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]):
    if x_token != fake_secret_token:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header")
    if item_id not in fake_db:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
    return fake_db[item_id]


@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item)