*  * BER: Basic Encoding Rules.
 *
 * This class was implemented according to the [X.690 spec][[x690]], and under the advice of
 * [Lets Encrypt's ASN.1 and DER][asn1_and_der] guide.
 *
 * [x690]: https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.690
 * [asn1_and_der]: https://letsencrypt.org/docs/a-warm-welcome-to-asn1-and-der/
 */
internal class DerReader(
  source: Source,
) {

import org.lastaflute.web.util.LaRequestUtil;

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

/**
 * The action for search operations.
 */
public class SearchAction extends FessSearchAction {

    /**
     * Default constructor.
     */
    public SearchAction() {
        super();
    }

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float


class ResponseMessage(BaseModel):
    message: str


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: str


@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["items"])
async def create_item(item: Item):
    return {"message": "Item received"}

 *
 */
public class AdminDictProtwordsAction extends FessAdminAction {

    /**
     * Default constructor.
     */
    public AdminDictProtwordsAction() {
        super();
    }

    /** The role for this action. */
    public static final String ROLE = "admin-dict";

    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(AdminDictProtwordsAction.class);

 *
 * The class under test contains a number of straightforward data‑layout
 * methods (writing parameters and handling empty wire formats) and an
 * informative {@link NtTransQuerySecurityDesc#toString()}. The tests
 * exercise normal behaviour, boundary values, and the interaction with
 * the underlying wire‑format helpers.
 */
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class NtTransQuerySecurityDescTest {

    /**

import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Tests for {@code ForwardingSet}.
 *
 * @author Robert Konigsberg
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class ForwardingSetTest extends TestCase {
  static class StandardImplForwardingSet<T> extends ForwardingSet<T> {
    private final Set<T> backingSet;

    StandardImplForwardingSet(Set<T> backingSet) {
      this.backingSet = backingSet;
    }

import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Class that contains nested abstract tests for filtered collection views, along with their
 * implementation helpers.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
/*
 * TODO(cpovirk): Should all the tests for filtered collections run under GWT, too? Currently, they
 * don't.
 */
@NullUnmarked
public final class FilteredCollectionsTestUtil {

<img src="/img/python-types/image06.png">

Notice that this means "`one_person` is an **instance** of the class `Person`".

It doesn't mean "`one_person` is the **class** called `Person`".

## Pydantic models { #pydantic-models }

<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> is a Python library to perform data validation.

import org.codelibs.core.io.ResourceBundleUtil;
import org.codelibs.core.misc.DisposableUtil;
import org.codelibs.core.misc.LocaleUtil;

/**
 * Class for assembling messages from message codes and arguments.
 *
 * @author higa
 */
public abstract class MessageFormatter {

    /**
     * Do not instantiate.
     */
    protected MessageFormatter() {
    }

import org.codelibs.core.exception.SQLRuntimeException;
import org.codelibs.core.log.Logger;

/**
 * Utility class for {@link Statement}.
 *
 * @author higa
 */
public abstract class StatementUtil {

    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(StatementUtil.class);

    /**
     * Do not instantiate.
     */
    protected StatementUtil() {
    }

    /**