response = client.get("/response_model-no_annotation-return_same_model")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"name": "John", "surname": "Doe"}


def test_response_model_no_annotation_return_exact_dict():
    response = client.get("/response_model-no_annotation-return_exact_dict")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"name": "John", "surname": "Doe"}

```

/// note | "Technical Details"

You could also use `from starlette.requests import Request` and `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.responses` as `fastapi.responses` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette. The same with `Request`.

///

## Override the default exception handlers

def test_path_operations():
    response = client.get("/valid1")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    response = client.get("/valid2")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    response = client.get("/valid3")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    response = client.get("/valid4")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text


def test_openapi_schema():

    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert b"<form" in response.content


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/files/": {

It includes the `tags`, `parameters`, `requestBody`, `responses`, etc.

This *path operation*-specific OpenAPI schema is normally generated automatically by **FastAPI**, but you can also extend it.

/// tip

This is a low level extension point.

If you only need to declare additional responses, a more convenient way to do it is with [Additional Responses in OpenAPI](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

///

///

## OpenAPI- und API-Dokumentation

### Add some custom `tags`, `responses`, and `dependencies`

We are not adding the prefix `/items` nor the `tags=["items"]` to each *path operation* because we added them to the `APIRouter`.

But we can still add _more_ `tags` that will be applied to a specific *path operation*, and also some extra `responses` specific to that *path operation*:

    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert b"<form" in response.content


@needs_py39
def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    id: str
    value: str


class Message(BaseModel):
    message: str


app = FastAPI()


@app.get(
    "/items/{item_id}",
    response_model=Item,
    responses={
        404: {"model": Message, "description": "The item was not found"},
        200: {

```

/// note | "Technische Details"

Sie können auch `from starlette.requests import Request` und `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse` verwenden.

**FastAPI** bietet dieselben `starlette.responses` auch via `fastapi.responses` an, als Annehmlichkeit für Sie, den Entwickler. Die meisten verfügbaren Responses kommen aber direkt von Starlette. Das Gleiche gilt für `Request`.

///

## Die Default-Exceptionhandler überschreiben