* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if it's not possible to make an empty instance of the
   *     class under test.
   */
  protected abstract Map<K, V> makeEmptyMap() throws UnsupportedOperationException;

  /**
   * Creates a new, non-empty instance of the class under test.
   *
   * @return a new, non-empty map instance.
   * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if it's not possible to make a non-empty instance of the

     * authority. Instead, it will trust any well-formed certificate, even if it is self-signed.
     * This is necessary for testing against localhost or in development environments where a
     * certificate authority is not possible.
     *
     * The server’s TLS certificate still must match the requested hostname. For example, if the
     * certificate is issued to `example.com` and the request is to `localhost`, the connection will

   *
   * @since 10.0
   */
  public static final byte MAX_POWER_OF_TWO = 1 << 6;

  /**
   * Returns the {@code byte} value that is equal to {@code value}, if possible.
   *
   * @param value any value in the range of the {@code byte} type
   * @return the {@code byte} value that equals {@code value}

        // setup IDE
        GradleUtils.setupIdeForTestSourceSet(project, yamlCompatTestSourceSet);

        // add a lifecycle task to allow for a possible future additional rest compatibility without needing to change task names
        TaskProvider<Task> checkRestCompatTask = project.getTasks().register(REST_COMPAT_CHECK_TASK_NAME, (thisCheckTask) -> {

   * Returns {@code table[index]}, where {@code table} is actually a {@code byte[]}, {@code
   * short[]}, or {@code int[]}. When it is a {@code byte[]} or {@code short[]}, the returned value
   * is unsigned, so the range of possible returned values is 0–255 or 0–65535, respectively.
   */
  static int tableGet(Object table, int index) {
    if (table instanceof byte[]) {
      return ((byte[]) table)[index] & BYTE_MASK; // unsigned read

## Tips and Best Practices

To get realistic results, you should exercise care when running benchmarks. Here are a few tips:

### Do

* Ensure that the system executing your microbenchmarks has as little load as possible. Shutdown every process that can cause unnecessary
  runtime jitter. Watch the `Error` column in the benchmark results to see the run-to-run variance.

 *
 * <p>Occasionally, an API will return a plain {@code Future} and it will be impossible to change
 * the return type. For this case, we provide a more expensive workaround in {@code
 * JdkFutureAdapters}. However, when possible, it is more efficient and reliable to create a {@code
 * ListenableFuture} directly.
 *
 * @author Sven Mawson
 * @author Nishant Thakkar

      return true;
    } catch (NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException probablyBeforeJava9OrAndroid28) {
      /*
       * It's theoretically possible for Reference.reachabilityFence to exist under older VMs in an
       * inaccessible form.
       */
      return false;
    } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
      throw new AssertionError(e.getCause());

    testClient?.let {
      val connectionPool = it.connectionPool

      connectionPool.evictAll()
      if (connectionPool.connectionCount() > 0) {
        // Minimise test flakiness due to possible race conditions with connections closing.
        // Some number of tests will report here, but not fail due to this delay.
        println("Delaying to avoid flakes")
        Thread.sleep(500L)

 *
 * <p>Occasionally, an API will return a plain {@code Future} and it will be impossible to change
 * the return type. For this case, we provide a more expensive workaround in {@code
 * JdkFutureAdapters}. However, when possible, it is more efficient and reliable to create a {@code
 * ListenableFuture} directly.
 *
 * @author Sven Mawson
 * @author Nishant Thakkar