* Créer un répertoire `app` et y entrer.
* Créez un fichier `main.py` avec :

```Python
from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.TesterAnnotation;
import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Optional features of classes derived from {@link Multiset}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") // maybe avoidable if we rework the whole package?
@GwtCompatible

      return delegate().hasEdgeConnecting(transpose(endpoints));
    }

    @Override
    public Optional<V> edgeValue(N nodeU, N nodeV) {
      return delegate().edgeValue(nodeV, nodeU); // transpose
    }

    @Override
    public Optional<V> edgeValue(EndpointPair<N> endpoints) {
      return delegate().edgeValue(transpose(endpoints));
    }

    @Override

Notice that the input model is still validated.

So, if you want to receive partial updates that can omit all the attributes, you need to have a model with all the attributes marked as optional (with default values or `None`).

To distinguish from the models with all optional values for **updates** and models with required values for **creation**, you can use the ideas described in [Extra Models](extra-models.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Optional features of classes derived from {@code List}.
 *
 * @author George van den Driessche
 */
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") // maybe avoidable if we rework the whole package?
@GwtCompatible

import com.google.common.collect.testing.features.TesterAnnotation;
import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Optional features of classes derived from {@code Multimap}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") // maybe avoidable if we rework the whole package?
@GwtCompatible

  assertEquals("hello, world!", chat.messages());

  chat.loadMore();
  chat.loadMore();
  assertEquals(""
      + "hello, world!\n"
      + "sup, bra?\n"
      + "yo dog", chat.messages());

  // Optional: confirm that your app made the HTTP requests you were expecting.
  RecordedRequest request1 = server.takeRequest();
  assertEquals("/v1/chat/messages/", request1.getUrl().encodedPath());

   *
   * @since 8.0
   */
  public static final byte ESC = 27;

  /**
   * File Separator: These four information separators may be used within data in optional fashion,
   * except that their hierarchical relationship shall be: FS is the most inclusive, then GS, then
   * RS, and US is least inclusive. (The content and length of a File, Group, Record, or Unit are
   * not specified.)

        return artifact.isSelectedVersionKnown();
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public void setOptional(boolean optional) {
        artifact.setOptional(optional);
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int result = 17;

        result = 37 * result + getGroupId().hashCode();

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.common.graph.Graphs.checkNonNegative;

import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
import com.google.common.base.Optional;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.DoNotMock;

/**
 * A builder for constructing instances of {@link MutableGraph} or {@link ImmutableGraph} with