testCases := []struct {
		exp             any
		expectedFailure bool
	}{
		{"", true},
		{"-1", true},
		{"1574812326", false},
		{1574812326, false},
		{int64(1574812326), false},
		{int(1574812326), false},
		{uint(1574812326), false},
		{uint64(1574812326), false},
		{json.Number("1574812326"), false},
		{1574812326.000, false},
		{time.Duration(3) * time.Minute, false},
	}

	for _, testCase := range testCases {

¿Recuerdas que te dije antes que `Annotated` puede usarse para agregar metadatos a tus parámetros en la [Introducción a Tipos de Python](../python-types.md#type-hints-with-metadata-annotations){.internal-link target=_blank}?

Ahora es el momento de usarlo con FastAPI. 🚀

Teníamos esta anotación de tipo:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
```

        final int numThreads = 10;
        final ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(numThreads);
        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(numThreads);
        final AtomicInteger callbackCount = new AtomicInteger(0);

        // Add listeners concurrently from multiple threads
        for (int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++) {
            executor.submit(() -> {

	case string:
		expAt, err = strconv.ParseInt(exp, 10, 64)
	case float64:
		expAt, err = int64(exp), nil
	case int64:
		expAt, err = exp, nil
	case int:
		expAt, err = int64(exp), nil
	case uint64:
		expAt, err = int64(exp), nil
	case uint:
		expAt, err = int64(exp), nil
	case json.Number:
		expAt, err = exp.Int64()
	case time.Duration:
		expAt, err = time.Now().UTC().Add(exp).Unix(), nil
	case nil:

It had automatic data validation, data serialization and OpenAPI schema generation based on the same type hints in several places.

# 파이썬 타입 소개

파이썬은 선택적으로 "타입 힌트(type hints)"를 지원합니다.

이러한 **타입 힌트**들은 변수의 <abbr title="예를 들면: str, int, float, bool">타입</abbr>을 선언할 수 있게 해주는 특수한 구문입니다.

변수의 타입을 지정하면 에디터와 툴이 더 많은 도움을 줄 수 있게 됩니다.

이 문서는 파이썬 타입 힌트에 대한 **빠른 자습서 / 내용환기** 수준의 문서입니다. 여기서는 **FastAPI**를 쓰기 위한 최소한의 내용만을 다룹니다.

**FastAPI**는 타입 힌트에 기반을 두고 있으며, 이는 많은 장점과 이익이 있습니다.

비록 **FastAPI**를 쓰지 않는다고 하더라도, 조금이라도 알아두면 도움이 될 것입니다.

/// note | 참고

	defer func() {
		if err := recover(); err != ErrTooLarge {
			t.Errorf("after too-large Grow, recover() = %v; want %v", err, ErrTooLarge)
		}
	}()

	buf := NewBuffer(make([]byte, 1))
	const maxInt = int(^uint(0) >> 1)
	buf.Grow(maxInt)
}

// Was a bug: used to give EOF reading empty slice at EOF.
func TestReadEmptyAtEOF(t *testing.T) {
	b := new(Buffer)
	slice := make([]byte, 0)
	n, err := b.Read(slice)

 *  Upgrade: [Kotlin 1.8.21][kotlin_1_8_21].


## Version 4.11.0

_2023-04-22_

 *  Fix: Don't fail the call when the response code is ‘HTTP 102 Processing’ or
    ‘HTTP 103 Early Hints’.
 *  Fix: Read the response even if writing the request fails. This means you'll get a proper HTTP
    response even if the server rejects your request body.

- github.com/alecthomas/template: [fb15b89](https://github.com/alecthomas/template/tree/fb15b89)
- github.com/andreyvit/diff: [c7f18ee](https://github.com/andreyvit/diff/tree/c7f18ee)
- github.com/bifurcation/mint: [93c51c6](https://github.com/bifurcation/mint/tree/93c51c6)
- github.com/caddyserver/caddy: [v1.0.3](https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/tree/v1.0.3)
- github.com/cenkalti/backoff: [v2.1.1+incompatible](https://github.com/cenkalti/backoff/tree/v2.1.1)