**FastAPI** lo proporciona como una conveniencia para ti, el desarrollador. Pero viene directamente de Starlette.

///

### Antes y después de la `response`

Puedes añadir código que se ejecute con la `request`, antes de que cualquier *path operation* la reciba.

Y también después de que se genere la `response`, antes de devolverla.

    }
    if (value <= -1.0) {
      return -1.0;
    }
    return value;
  }

  // Serialization helpers

  /** The size of byte array representation in bytes. */
  private static final int BYTES = Stats.BYTES * 2 + Double.SIZE / Byte.SIZE;

  /**
   * Gets a byte array representation of this instance.
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> No guarantees are made regarding stability of the representation between

class ConfiguredPublicSuffixDatabaseTest {
  private val list = ConfiguredPublicSuffixList()
  private val publicSuffixDatabase = PublicSuffixDatabase(list)

  @Test fun longestMatchWins() {
    list.bytes =
      Buffer()
        .writeUtf8("com\n")
        .writeUtf8("my.square.com\n")
        .writeUtf8("square.com\n")
        .readByteString()

  }

  @Override
  public void write(int b) throws IOException {
    hasher.putByte((byte) b);
    out.write(b);
  }

  @Override
  public void write(byte[] bytes, int off, int len) throws IOException {
    hasher.putBytes(bytes, off, len);
    out.write(bytes, off, len);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@link HashCode} based on the data written to this stream. The result is

     * @param off
     *            offset into buffer
     * @param len
     *            read up to <code>len</code> bytes
     * @return number of bytes read
     * @throws SmbException if an I/O error occurs during read
     */
    int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws SmbException;

    /**
     * Current position in file
     *
     * @return current position
     */
    long getFilePointer();

    /**

        // Test readSecurityBuffer
        byte[] data = new byte[20];
        byte[] content = "Hello".getBytes();

        // Simulate a security buffer structure: length (2 bytes), length (2 bytes), offset (4 bytes)
        // Length = 5, Offset = 8
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(data).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
        buffer.putShort(0, (short) content.length); // Length

     * </p>
     *
     * @param bytes the byte array to deserialize
     * @return the deserialized object
     */
    protected Object deserializeWithKryo(final byte[] bytes) {
        final Kryo kryo = kryoThreadLocal.get();
        try (final Input input = new Input(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes))) {
            return kryo.readClassAndObject(input);
        }
    }

	processIOReadBytesMD              = NewCounterMD(processIOReadBytes, "Total bytes read by the process from the underlying storage system, /proc/[pid]/io read_bytes")

            buffer[bufferIndex + 2] = expectedOplockLevel;

            // Write reserved field (4 bytes at offset 4)
            bufferIndex += 4;

            // Write Reserved2 (4 bytes)
            bufferIndex += 4;

            // Write file ID (16 bytes)
            byte[] expectedFileId = createTestData(16);
            System.arraycopy(expectedFileId, 0, buffer, bufferIndex, 16);

		b, e := io.ReadAll(r)
		if e != nil {
			return nil, e
		}
		b, _, minor, e := checkXL2V1(b)
		if e != nil {
			return nil, e
		}

		buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
		var data xlMetaInlineData
		switch minor {
		case 0:
			_, e = msgp.CopyToJSON(buf, bytes.NewReader(b))
			if e != nil {
				return nil, e
			}
		case 1, 2:
			v, b, e := msgp.ReadBytesZC(b)
			if e != nil {
				return nil, e
			}