import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

/**
 * A destination to which bytes can be written, such as a file. Unlike an {@link OutputStream}, a
 * {@code ByteSink} is not an open, stateful stream that can be written to and closed. Instead, it
 * is an immutable <i>supplier</i> of {@code OutputStream} instances.
 *

  private static boolean isProxyOfSameInterfaces(Object arg, Class<?> proxyClass) {
    return proxyClass.isInstance(arg)
        // Equal proxy instances should mostly be instance of proxyClass
        // Under some edge cases (such as the proxy of JDK types serialized and then deserialized)
        // the proxy type may not be the same.
        // We first check isProxyClass() so that the common case of comparing with non-proxy objects

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

/**
 * A destination to which bytes can be written, such as a file. Unlike an {@link OutputStream}, a
 * {@code ByteSink} is not an open, stateful stream that can be written to and closed. Instead, it
 * is an immutable <i>supplier</i> of {@code OutputStream} instances.
 *

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * An {@link Escaper} that converts literal text into a format safe for inclusion in a particular
 * context (such as an XML document). Typically (but not always), the inverse process of
 * "unescaping" the text is performed automatically by the relevant parser.
 *

 * elements.
 *
 * <p>The collections created by {@link #createCollection()} may or may not allow duplicates. If the
 * collection, such as a {@link Set}, does not support duplicates, an added key-value pair will
 * replace an existing pair with the same key and value, if such a pair is present. With collections
 * like {@link List} that allow duplicates, the collection will keep the existing key-value pairs
 * while adding a new pair.

   *   <li>If many tasks will be triggered by the same event, one heavyweight task may delay other
   *       tasks -- even tasks that are not themselves {@code directExecutor} tasks.
   *   <li>If many such tasks are chained together (such as with {@code
   *       future.transform(...).transform(...).transform(...)....}), they may overflow the stack.
   *       (In simple cases, callers can avoid this by registering all tasks with the same {@link

    return getExponent(d) <= MAX_EXPONENT;
  }

  static boolean isNormal(double d) {
    return getExponent(d) >= MIN_EXPONENT;
  }

  /*
   * Returns x scaled by a power of 2 such that it is in the range [1, 2). Assumes x is positive,
   * normal, and finite.
   */
  static double scaleNormalize(double x) {
    long significand = doubleToRawLongBits(x) & SIGNIFICAND_MASK;

 * is still valid. Such responses increment both the network count and hit count.
 *
 * The best way to improve the cache hit rate is by configuring the web server to return cacheable
 * responses. Although this client honors all [HTTP/1.1 (RFC 7234)][rfc_7234] cache headers, it
 * doesn't cache partial responses.
 *
 * ## Force a Network Response
 *

 * create a lightweight concrete subclass only to exercise the inherited
 * behaviour. The tests cover flag manipulation, byte‑buffer operations and
 * static helpers. Edge cases such as null or short arrays and negative
 * values are verified to ensure proper exception handling and byte
 * conversion.
 */
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class NtlmMessageTest {

 *    multiple domain names.
 *
 *  * Application Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) enables the HTTPS port (443) to be used to
 *    negotiate HTTP/2.
 *
 * Unfortunately, older HTTPS servers refuse to connect when such options are presented. Rather than
 * avoiding these options entirely, this class allows a connection to be attempted with modern
 * options and then retried without them should the attempt fail.
 *
 * ## Connection Reuse
 *