**FastAPI** provides several tools to help you deal with **Security** easily, rapidly, in a standard way, without having to study and learn all the security specifications.

But first, let's check some small concepts.

## In a hurry? { #in-a-hurry }

If you don't care about any of these terms and you just need to add security with authentication based on username and password *right now*, skip to the next chapters.

   * href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PrimeNumber.html">prime number</a>: an integer <i>greater
   * than one</i> that cannot be factored into a product of <i>smaller</i> positive integers.
   * Returns {@code false} if {@code n} is zero, one, or a composite number (one which <i>can</i> be
   * factored into smaller positive integers).
   *
   * <p>To test larger numbers, use {@link BigInteger#isProbablePrime}.
   *

        assertEscaping(xmlEscaper, "\uFFFD", ch);
      }
    }

    // Test _all_ allowed characters (including surrogate values).
    for (char ch = 0x20; ch <= 0xFFFD; ch++) {
      // There are a small number of cases to consider, so just do it manually.
      if (ch == '&') {
        assertEscaping(xmlEscaper, "&amp;", ch);
      } else if (ch == '<') {
        assertEscaping(xmlEscaper, "&lt;", ch);

   * PackageSanityTests. (The test would run on the JVM, too, if not for the suppression below, and
   * that would be a problem because it violates small-test rules. Note that we strip the
   * suppression externally, but it's OK because we don't enforce test-size rules there.)
   *
   * We'd just use PackageSanityTests directly, saving us from needing this separate type, but we're

 * interaction with {@link NdrBuffer}.  All public behaviour is exercised.
 */
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class NdrShortTest {

    /**
     * A small reusable buffer for encode/decode tests.
     */
    private byte[] raw;
    private NdrBuffer buf;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        // 10 bytes is more than enough for the 2-byte short

          }
        }.build()
    val call2 =
      client.newCall(
        Request
          .Builder()
          .url(server.url("/"))
          .headers(largeHeaders)
          .build(),
      )

    val exception =
      assertFailsWith<IOException> {
        call2.execute()
      }
    assertThat(exception.message).isIn("Socket closed", "Socket is closed")

    // ===================================================================================
    //                                                                        Small Helper
    //                                                                        ============
    //                                                                              JSP

          shutdownOutput = true,
        ),
      )
    }

    SocketPolicy.STALL_SOCKET_AT_START -> {
      result.onRequestStart(SocketEffect.Stall)
    }

    SocketPolicy.NO_RESPONSE -> {
      result.onResponseStart(SocketEffect.Stall)
    }

    SocketPolicy.RESET_STREAM_AT_START -> {
      result.onRequestStart(CloseStream(http2ErrorCode))
    }
  }

   * PackageSanityTests. (The test would run on the JVM, too, if not for the suppression below, and
   * that would be a problem because it violates small-test rules. Note that we strip the
   * suppression externally, but it's OK because we don't enforce test-size rules there.)
   *
   * We'd just use PackageSanityTests directly, saving us from needing this separate type, but we're

        assertEscaping(xmlEscaper, "\uFFFD", ch);
      }
    }

    // Test _all_ allowed characters (including surrogate values).
    for (char ch = 0x20; ch <= 0xFFFD; ch++) {
      // There are a small number of cases to consider, so just do it manually.
      if (ch == '&') {
        assertEscaping(xmlEscaper, "&amp;", ch);
      } else if (ch == '<') {
        assertEscaping(xmlEscaper, "&lt;", ch);