// as their length. These files are very small, so it's wasteful to allocate an 8KB buffer.
    int initialBufferSize = min(BUFFER_SIZE, max(128, Integer.highestOneBit(totalLen) * 2));
    // Starting with an 8k buffer, double the size of each successive buffer. Smaller buffers
    // quadruple in size until they reach 8k, to minimize the number of small reads for longer

            return entity;
        });
    }

    // ===================================================================================
    //                                                                        Small Helper
    //                                                                        ============
    /**
     * Verify the CRUD mode.
     * @param crudMode The CRUD mode.
     * @param expectedMode The expected mode.

   * using a {@code LinkedHashSet} instead, at the cost of increased memory footprint, to get
   * deterministic iteration behavior.
   *
   * <p>This method is just a small convenience, either for {@code newHashSet(}{@link Arrays#asList
   * asList}{@code (...))}, or for creating an empty set then calling {@link Collections#addAll}.

    }

    // ===================================================================================
    //                                                                        Small Helper
    //                                                                        ============
    /**
     * Verifies that the provided CRUD mode matches the expected mode.

        // This test is theoretical as we can't create huge buffers
        // but tests the boundary conditions
        if (aceCount <= 10) { // Only test small counts practically
            byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
            prepareSecurityDescriptorBufferWithDACL(buffer, 0, aceCount);

            SecurityDescriptor sd = new SecurityDescriptor();

        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should reject when signature field exceeds buffer size in sign method")
        void testSignSignatureExceedsBuffer() {
            byte[] data = new byte[50]; // Too small for signature field
            assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> digest.sign(data, 0, 50, request, response),
                    "Should throw IllegalArgumentException when signature field exceeds buffer");

   *     new ImmutableBiMap.Builder<String, Integer>()
   *         .put("one", 1)
   *         .put("two", 2)
   *         .put("three", 3)
   *         .buildOrThrow();
   * }
   *
   * <p>For <i>small</i> immutable bimaps, the {@code ImmutableBiMap.of()} methods are even more
   * convenient.
   *
   * <p>By default, a {@code Builder} will generate bimaps that iterate over entries in the order

        return map;
    }

    // ===================================================================================
    //                                                                        Small Helper
    //                                                                        ============
    /**
     * Verifies that the CRUD mode matches the expected mode.
     *
     * @param crudMode the actual CRUD mode

        return map;
    }

    // ===================================================================================
    //                                                                        Small Helper
    //                                                                        ============
    /**
     * Verifies that the CRUD mode matches the expected mode.
     *
     * @param crudMode the actual CRUD mode

        @DisplayName("Should handle insufficient buffer length")
        void testInsufficientBufferLength() {
            FileFsSizeInformation info = new FileFsSizeInformation();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[10]; // Too small

            // Should throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException for insufficient buffer
            assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> {
                info.decode(buffer, 0, buffer.length);