@Override
  @ParametricNullness
  public final T next() {
    if (!hasNext()) {
      throw new NoSuchElementException();
    }
    state = State.NOT_READY;
    // Safe because hasNext() ensures that tryToComputeNext() has put a T into `next`.
    T result = uncheckedCastNullableTToT(next);
    next = null;
    return result;
  }

  /**

### Warning about replacing

That means that if you want to update the item `bar` using `PUT` with a body containing:

```Python
{
    "name": "Barz",
    "price": 3,
    "description": None,
}
```

because it doesn't include the already stored attribute `"tax": 20.2`, the input model would take the default value of `"tax": 10.5`.

And the data would be saved with that "new" `tax` of `10.5`.

## Partial updates with `PATCH`

import java.util.List;

import org.apache.maven.artifact.Artifact;
import org.apache.maven.artifact.repository.ArtifactRepository;

/**
 * Exception caused when one or more artifacts can not be resolved because they are not found in the
 * local or remote repositories.
 */
public class MultipleArtifactsNotFoundException extends ArtifactResolutionException {
    private static final String LS = System.lineSeparator();

Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install it, for example:

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

This is because uploaded files are sent as "form data".

///

## Import `File`

Import `File` and `UploadFile` from `fastapi`:

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="3"

   * remove()}. Otherwise, all optional operations are supported. Null row keys, columns keys, and
   * values are not supported.
   *
   * <p>Lookups by row key are often faster than lookups by column key, because the data is stored
   * in a {@code Map<R, Map<C, V>>}. A method call like {@code column(columnKey).get(rowKey)} still
   * runs quickly, since the row key is provided. However, {@code column(columnKey).size()} takes

    testers.add(SetCreationTester.class);
    testers.add(SetHashCodeTester.class);
    testers.add(SetEqualsTester.class);
    testers.add(SetRemoveTester.class);
    // SetRemoveAllTester doesn't exist because, Sets not permitting
    // duplicate elements, there are no tests for Set.removeAll() that aren't
    // covered by CollectionRemoveAllTester.
    return testers;
  }

  @Override

This gives you a lot of flexibility. You can return any data type, override any data declaration or validation, etc.

## Using the `jsonable_encoder` in a `Response`

Because **FastAPI** doesn't make any changes to a `Response` you return, you have to make sure its contents are ready for it.

{!../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip

Here we use <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/time.html#time.perf_counter" class="external-link" target="_blank">`time.perf_counter()`</a> instead of `time.time()` because it can be more precise for these use cases. 🤓

///

## Other middlewares

import java.nio.file.FileSystemException;
import java.nio.file.SecureDirectoryStream;
import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;

/**
 * Exception indicating that a recursive delete can't be performed because the file system does not
 * have the support necessary to guarantee that it is not vulnerable to race conditions that would
 * allow it to delete files and directories outside of the directory being deleted (i.e., {@link

  SampleElements<E> samples();

  /**
   * Creates a new container containing the given elements. TODO: would be nice to figure out how to
   * use E... or E[] as a parameter type, but this doesn't seem to work because Java creates an
   * array of the erased type.
   */
  T create(Object... elements);

  /**
   * Helper method to create an array of the appropriate type used by this generator. The returned