map1.put(i, null);
    }
    assertWithMessage("table size after adding %s elements", size)
        .that(bucketsOf(map1))
        .isEqualTo(initialBuckets);

    /*
     * Something slightly different happens when the entries are added all at
     * once; make sure that passes too.
     */
    map2.putAll(map1);
    assertWithMessage("table size after adding %s elements", size)

```

`app.add_middleware()` 將中介軟體類別作為第一個引數，並接收要傳遞給該中介軟體的其他引數。

## 內建中介軟體 { #integrated-middlewares }

**FastAPI** 內建數個常見用途的中介軟體，以下將示範如何使用。

/// note | 技術細節

在接下來的範例中，你也可以使用 `from starlette.middleware.something import SomethingMiddleware`。

**FastAPI** 在 `fastapi.middleware` 中提供了一些中介軟體，純粹是為了方便你這位開發者。但大多數可用的中介軟體直接來自 Starlette。

///

## `HTTPSRedirectMiddleware` { #httpsredirectmiddleware }

強制所有傳入請求必須使用 `https` 或 `wss`。

```

`app.add_middleware()` 的第一个参数是中间件的类，其它参数则是要传递给中间件的参数。

## 集成中间件 { #integrated-middlewares }

**FastAPI** 为常见用例提供了一些中间件，下面介绍怎么使用这些中间件。

/// note | 技术细节

以下几个示例中也可以使用 `from starlette.middleware.something import SomethingMiddleware`。

**FastAPI** 在 `fastapi.middleware` 中提供的中间件只是为了方便开发者使用，但绝大多数可用的中间件都直接继承自 Starlette。

///

## `HTTPSRedirectMiddleware` { #httpsredirectmiddleware }

强制所有传入请求必须是 `https` 或 `wss`。

  //    finally { guard.unlock(); }
  // Here are Justin's design notes about this:
  //
  // This idea has come up from time to time, and I think one of my
  // earlier versions of Monitor even did something like this. I ended
  // up strongly favoring the current interface.
  //
  // I probably can't remember all the reasons (it's possible you
  // could find them in the code review archives), but here are a few:
  //

     *   ...))`
     *
     * So it makes sense for the parameter (and thus the return type) to be @Nullable.
     *
     * Two other points:
     *
     * 1. We'll want to use something like @PolyNull once we can make that work for the various
     * platforms we target.
     *
     * 2. Kotlin's Map type has a getOrDefault method that accepts and returns a "plain V," in

common:windows --host_linkopt=/DEBUG
common:windows --linkopt=/OPT:REF
common:windows --host_linkopt=/OPT:REF
common:windows --linkopt=/OPT:ICF
common:windows --host_linkopt=/OPT:ICF

# Verbose failure logs when something goes wrong
common:windows --verbose_failures

# Work around potential issues with large command lines on windows.
# See: https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/5163
common:windows --features=compiler_param_file

///

### `examples` avec Pydantic et FastAPI { #pydantic-and-fastapi-examples }

Lorsque vous ajoutez `examples` dans un modèle Pydantic, en utilisant `schema_extra` ou `Field(examples=["something"])`, cet exemple est ajouté au **JSON Schema** de ce modèle Pydantic.

Et ce **JSON Schema** du modèle Pydantic est inclus dans l'**OpenAPI** de votre API, puis il est utilisé dans l'interface de la documentation.

///

### `examples` de Pydantic y FastAPI { #pydantic-and-fastapi-examples }

Cuando añades `examples` dentro de un modelo de Pydantic, usando `schema_extra` o `Field(examples=["something"])`, ese ejemplo se añade al **JSON Schema** para ese modelo de Pydantic.

Y ese **JSON Schema** del modelo de Pydantic se incluye en el **OpenAPI** de tu API, y luego se usa en la interfaz de documentación.

///

### `examples` no Pydantic e no FastAPI { #pydantic-and-fastapi-examples }

Quando você adiciona `examples` dentro de um modelo Pydantic, usando `schema_extra` ou `Field(examples=["something"])`, esse exemplo é adicionado ao **JSON Schema** para esse modelo Pydantic.

E esse **JSON Schema** do modelo Pydantic é incluído no **OpenAPI** da sua API e, então, é usado na UI da documentação.

      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not available on ImmutableSortedMap.Builder");
    }

    /*
     * While the current implementation returns `this`, that's not something we mean to guarantee.
     * Anyway, the purpose of this method is to implement a BinaryOperator combiner for a Collector,
     * so its return value will get used naturally.
     */