It is based on [HTTPX](https://www.python-httpx.org), which in turn is designed based on Requests, so it's very familiar and intuitive.

With it, you can use [pytest](https://docs.pytest.org/) directly with **FastAPI**.

## Using `TestClient` { #using-testclient }

/// info

To use `TestClient`, first install [`httpx`](https://www.python-httpx.org).

### What are "Context Managers" { #what-are-context-managers }

"Context Managers" are any of those Python objects that you can use in a `with` statement.

For example, [you can use `with` to read a file](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html#reading-and-writing-files):

```Python
with open("./somefile.txt") as f:
    contents = f.read()
    print(contents)
```

And there's a public [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/) with pre-made **official container images** for many tools, environments, databases, and applications.

For example, there's an official [Python Image](https://hub.docker.com/_/python).

And there are many other images for different things like databases, for example for:

* [PostgreSQL](https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres)
* [MySQL](https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql)

## 全端 FastAPI 範本 - 技術堆疊與功能 { #full-stack-fastapi-template-technology-stack-and-features }

- ⚡ [**FastAPI**](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh-hant) 作為 Python 後端 API。
  - 🧰 [SQLModel](https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com) 作為 Python 與 SQL 資料庫互動（ORM）。
  - 🔍 [Pydantic](https://docs.pydantic.dev)（由 FastAPI 使用）用於資料驗證與設定管理。
  - 💾 [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org) 作為 SQL 資料庫。
- 🚀 [React](https://react.dev) 作為前端。

# 폼 데이터 { #form-data }

JSON 대신 폼 필드를 받아야 하는 경우 `Form`을 사용할 수 있습니다.

/// info | 정보

폼을 사용하려면, 먼저 [`python-multipart`](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart)를 설치하세요.

[가상 환경](../virtual-environments.md)을 생성하고 활성화한 다음, 예를 들어 다음과 같이 설치하세요:

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

///

## `Form` 임포트하기 { #import-form }

`fastapi`에서 `Form`을 임포트합니다:

{* ../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an_py310.py hl[3] *}

```

</div>

/// note | Примечание

Команда `uvicorn main:app` означает:

* `main`: файл `main.py` (Python‑«модуль»).
* `app`: объект, созданный в `main.py` строкой `app = FastAPI()`.

Эквивалентно:

```Python
from main import app
```

///

У каждого альтернативного ASGI‑сервера будет похожая команда; подробнее см. в их документации.

```

</div>

/// note | Remarque

La commande `uvicorn main:app` fait référence à :

* `main` : le fichier `main.py` (le « module » Python).
* `app` : l'objet créé dans `main.py` avec la ligne `app = FastAPI()`.

C'est équivalent à :

```Python
from main import app
```

///

    attribute to access the raw standard Python file (blocking, not async), useful and
    needed for non-async code.

    Read more about it in the
    [FastAPI docs for Request Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-files/).

    ## Example

    ```python
    from typing import Annotated

    from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile

```

</div>

/// note

指令 `uvicorn main:app` 指的是：

* `main`：檔案 `main.py`（Python「模組」）。
* `app`：在 `main.py` 中以 `app = FastAPI()` 建立的物件。

等同於：

```Python
from main import app
```

///

其他 ASGI 伺服器也有類似的指令，詳見各自的文件。

/// warning

Uvicorn 與其他伺服器支援 `--reload` 選項，對開發期間很有幫助。

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an_py310.py *}

## Run it { #run-it }

/// info

The [`python-multipart`](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart) package is automatically installed with **FastAPI** when you run the `pip install "fastapi[standard]"` command.

However, if you use the `pip install fastapi` command, the `python-multipart` package is not included by default.