IntegerDomain() {
      super(true);
    }

    @Override
    @CheckForNull
    public Integer next(Integer value) {
      int i = value;
      return (i == Integer.MAX_VALUE) ? null : i + 1;
    }

    @Override
    @CheckForNull
    public Integer previous(Integer value) {
      int i = value;
      return (i == Integer.MIN_VALUE) ? null : i - 1;
    }

    @Override

```Python hl_lines="6"
{!../../docs_src/events/tutorial002.py!}
```

Hier schreibt die `shutdown`-Eventhandler-Funktion eine Textzeile `"Application shutdown"` in eine Datei `log.txt`.

/// info

In der Funktion `open()` bedeutet `mode="a"` „append“ („anhängen“), sodass die Zeile nach dem, was sich in dieser Datei befindet, hinzugefügt wird, ohne den vorherigen Inhalt zu überschreiben.

///

/// tip | "Tipp"

🍵 ✔️ 💭 ⏪ ⚫️❔ ☑ 🏑/🔢 📛 (🔜 💼 ⏮️ Pydantic 🏷).

👉 🔜 ⚠ 🚥 👆 💚 📨 🔑 👈 👆 🚫 ⏪ 💭.

---

🎏 ⚠ 💼 🕐❔ 👆 💚 ✔️ 🔑 🎏 🆎, ✅ `int`.

👈 ⚫️❔ 👥 🔜 👀 📥.

👉 💼, 👆 🔜 🚫 🙆 `dict` 📏 ⚫️ ✔️ `int` 🔑 ⏮️ `float` 💲:

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!> ../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009.py!}
```

////

kQyKGUTpDbKLuyYMFsoH73YLjBqNe+UEhPwE+FWpcky1Sp9RTx/oMLpiZaPR
-----END CERTIFICATE-----`,
		shouldFail: true,
	},
	{
		password: "foobar",
		privateKey: `-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: AES-128-CBC,CC483BF11678C35F9F02A1AD85DAE285

nMDFd+Qxk1f+S7LwMitmMofNXYNbCY4L1QEqPOOx5wnjNF1wSxmEkL7+h8W4Y/vb
AQt/7TCcUSuSqEMl45nUIcCbhBos5wz+ShvFiez3qKwmR5HSURvqyN6PIJeAbU+h

`Tuple` ve `set`lerin tiplerini bildirmek için de aynısını yapıyoruz:

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007.py!}
```

Bu şu anlama geliyor:

* `items_t` değişkeni sırasıyla `int`, `int`, ve `str` tiplerinden oluşan bir `tuple` türündedir .
* `items_s` ise her öğesi `bytes` türünde olan bir `set` örneğidir.

#### `Dict`

Bir `dict` tanımlamak için virgülle ayrılmış iki parametre verebilirsiniz.

  public void testConcat_overflow_negative() {
    int dim1 = 1 << 16;
    int dim2 = 1 << 15;
    assertThat(dim1 * dim2).isLessThan(0);
    testConcatOverflow(dim1, dim2);
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // different overflow behavior; could probably be made to work by using ~~
  public void testConcat_overflow_nonNegative() {
    int dim1 = 1 << 16;
    int dim2 = 1 << 16;
    assertThat(dim1 * dim2).isAtLeast(0);

/// tip | "Tipp"

Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich.

///

```Python hl_lines="3"
{!> ../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!}
```

////

/// info

FastAPI unterstützt (und empfiehlt die Verwendung von) `Annotated` seit Version 0.95.0.

Wenn Sie eine ältere Version haben, werden Sie Fehler angezeigt bekommen, wenn Sie versuchen, `Annotated` zu verwenden.

* `write(data)`: Записать данные `data` (`str` или `bytes`) в файл.
* `read(size)`: Прочитать количество `size` (`int`) байт/символов из файла.
* `seek(offset)`: Перейти к байту на позиции `offset` (`int`) в файле.
    * Наример, `await myfile.seek(0)` перейдет к началу файла.

# Form Models

You can use **Pydantic models** to declare **form fields** in FastAPI.

/// info

To use forms, first install <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.

Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install it, for example:

```console
$ pip install python-multipart
```

///

<div class="termy">

```console
$ OPENAPI_URL= uvicorn main:app

<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
```

</div>

Then if you go to the URLs at `/openapi.json`, `/docs`, or `/redoc` you will just get a `404 Not Found` error like:

```JSON