# مقدمه‌ای بر انواع نوع در پایتون

پایتون از "نوع‌نما"های اختیاری (که بهشون "type hints" یا "type annotations" هم می‌گن) پشتیبانی می‌کنه.

این **"نوع‌نماها"** یا annotationها یه سینتکس خاص هستن که بهت اجازه می‌دن <abbr title="مثلاً: str, int, float, bool">نوع</abbr> یه متغیر رو مشخص کنی.

با مشخص کردن نوع متغیرها، ویرایشگرها و ابزارها می‌تونن پشتیبانی بهتری بهت بدن.

import static java.util.Collections.emptyList;
import static java.util.Collections.nCopies;
import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.base.Functions;
import com.google.common.collect.testing.IteratorTester;

import static com.google.common.base.CharMatcher.noneOf;
import static com.google.common.base.CharMatcher.whitespace;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import com.google.common.testing.NullPointerTester;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.BitSet;

import com.google.caliper.BeforeExperiment;
import com.google.caliper.Benchmark;
import com.google.caliper.Param;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Benchmarks for {@link Monitor}.
 *
 * @author Justin T. Sampson
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class MonitorBenchmark {

  @Param({"10", "100", "1000"})
  int capacity;

import com.google.common.testing.NullPointerTester.Visibility;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FilenameFilter;
import java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Unit test for {@link PatternFilenameFilter}.
 *
 * @author Chris Nokleberg
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class PatternFilenameFilterTest extends TestCase {

import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

import java.io.FilterWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * A char sink for testing that has configurable behavior.
 *
 * @author Colin Decker
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class TestCharSink extends CharSink implements TestStreamSupplier {

import com.google.caliper.Benchmark;
import com.google.caliper.Param;
import com.google.common.cache.LocalCache.Segment;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReferenceArray;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Benchmark for {@code LocalCache.Segment.expand()}.
 *
 * @author Charles Fry
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class SegmentBenchmark {

import static java.math.RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN;
import static java.math.RoundingMode.HALF_UP;
import static java.math.RoundingMode.UP;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;

import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Tests for {@link Closer}.
 *
 * @author Colin Decker
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class CloserTest extends TestCase {

  private TestSuppressor suppressor;

 */

package com.google.common.net;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static java.lang.Math.max;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.escape.UnicodeEscaper;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A {@code UnicodeEscaper} that escapes some set of Java characters using a UTF-8 based percent