* }</pre>
 *
 * <h3>Comparison to alternatives</h3>
 *
 * <p><b>Note:</b> In some cases the differences explained below can be subtle. When it's unclear
 * which approach to use, <b>don't worry</b> too much about it; just pick something that seems
 * reasonable and it will be fine.
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>If checking whether the <i>caller</i> has violated your method or constructor's contract

Instead of, for example, a `dict`, or something else, as it could break the application at some point later, making it a security risk.

We also verify that we have a user with that username, and if not, we raise that same exception we created before.

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py hl[47,117:128] *}

## Verify the `scopes`

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * Tests for {@link MediaType}.
 *
 * @author Gregory Kick
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
public class MediaTypeTest extends TestCase {
  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // reflection
  public void testParse_useConstants() throws Exception {

          // flow-control window. This is necessary because we don't transmit window updates until
          // the application reads the data. If we throw this prior to updating the connection
          // flow-control window, we risk having it go to 0 preventing the server from sending data.
          throw errorExceptionToDeliver!!
        }

        return -1L // This source is exhausted.
      }
    }

 *
 * <p>The tested methods and constructors are invoked -- each time with one parameter being null and
 * the rest not null -- and the test fails if no expected exception is thrown. {@code
 * NullPointerTester} uses best effort to pick non-null default values for many common JDK and Guava
 * types, and also for interfaces and public classes that have public parameter-less constructors.

 *
 * <h3>Further reading</h3>
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/RangesExplained">{@code Range}</a>.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Gregory Kick
 * @since 10.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") // https://github.com/google/guava/issues/989
@Immutable(containerOf = "C")
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault

		err = reduceWriteQuorumErrs(ctx, errs, objectOpIgnoredErrs, writeQuorum)
	} else {
		err = reduceReadQuorumErrs(ctx, errs, objectOpIgnoredErrs, readQuorum)
	}
	if err != nil {
		return fi, nil, err
	}

	// Pick one from the first valid metadata.
	fi, err = pickValidFileInfo(ctx, partsMetadata, modTime, etag, quorum)
	return fi, partsMetadata, err
}

}

function cidr_to_ips() {
    CIDR="$1"
    # cidr_to_ips returns a list of single IPs from a CIDR. We skip 1000 (since they are likely to be allocated
    # already to other services), then pick the next 100.
    python3 - <<EOF
from ipaddress import ip_network, IPv6Network;
from itertools import islice;

net = ip_network('$CIDR')
net_bits = 128 if type(net) == IPv6Network else 32;

    public WithPublicConstructorAndConstant() {}
  }

  private static class WithPublicConstants {
    public static final WithPublicConstants FIRST = new WithPublicConstants();

    // To test that we pick the first constant alphabetically
    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    public static final WithPublicConstants SECOND = new WithPublicConstants();
  }

  private static class FirstConstantIsNull {

        // The BigInteger implementation is tested separately, use it as the reference.
        // Promote the int value (rather than using intValue() on the expected value) to avoid
        // any risk of truncation which could lead to a false positive.
        assertEquals(BigIntegerMath.sqrt(valueOf(x), mode), valueOf(IntMath.sqrt(x, mode)));
      }
    }
  }