*
 * <p>For separator-based splitters that do not use {@code omitEmptyStrings}, an input string
 * containing {@code n} occurrences of the separator naturally yields an iterable of size {@code n +
 * 1}. So if the separator does not occur anywhere in the input, a single substring is returned
 * containing the entire input. Consequently, all splitters split the empty string to {@code [""]}
 * (note: even fixed-length splitters).
 *

* 미들웨어는 응용 프로그램으로 오는 **요청**를 가져옵니다.
* **요청** 또는 다른 필요한 코드를 실행 시킬 수 있습니다.
* **요청**을 응용 프로그램의 *경로 작동*으로 전달하여 처리합니다.
* 애플리케이션의 *경로 작업*에서 생성한 **응답**를 받습니다.
* **응답** 또는 다른 필요한 코드를 실행시키는 동작을 할 수 있습니다.
* **응답**를 반환합니다.

/// note | "기술 세부사항"

만약 `yield`를 사용한 의존성을 가지고 있다면, 미들웨어가 실행되고 난 후에 exit이 실행됩니다.

만약 (나중에 문서에서 다룰) 백그라운드 작업이 있다면, 모든 미들웨어가 실행되고 *난 후에* 실행됩니다.

///

## 미들웨어 만들기

    } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
      assertWithMessage(value + " not found in exception text: " + ex.getMessage())
          .that(ex.getMessage().contains(String.valueOf(value)))
          .isTrue();
    }
  }

  public void testCompare() {
    // This is the only ordering for primitives that does not have a
    // corresponding Comparable wrapper in java.lang.
    for (int i = 0; i < VALUES.length; i++) {

participant handler as Manipulador de exceções
participant dep as Dep com yield
participant operation as Operação de Rota
participant tasks as Tarefas de Background

    Note over client,operation: pode lançar exceções, incluindo HTTPException
    client ->> dep: Iniciar requisição
    Note over dep: Executar código até o yield
    opt lançar Exceção
        dep -->> handler: lançar Exceção
        handler -->> client: resposta de erro HTTP
    end

You can use the same `TestClient` to test WebSockets.

For this, you use the `TestClient` in a `with` statement, connecting to the WebSocket:

```Python hl_lines="27-31"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py!}
```

/// note

For more details, check Starlette's documentation for <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">testing WebSockets</a>.

 *   // provided here, e.g. throw closer.rethrow(e, CheckedException.class);
 *   throw closer.rethrow(e);
 * } finally {
 *   closer.close();
 * }
 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p>Note that this try-catch-finally block is not equivalent to a try-catch-finally block using
 * try-with-resources. To get the equivalent of that, you must wrap the above code in <i>another</i>

As, by default, singular values are interpreted as query parameters, you don't have to explicitly add a `Query`, you can just do:

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

Or in Python 3.10 and above:

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

For example:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="28"
{!> ../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
```

Da einfache Werte standardmäßig als Query-Parameter interpretiert werden, müssen Sie `Query` nicht explizit hinzufügen, Sie können einfach schreiben:

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

Oder in Python 3.10 und darüber:

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

Zum Beispiel:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="27"
{!> ../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
```

Dazu verwenden Sie den `TestClient` in einer `with`-Anweisung, eine Verbindung zum WebSocket herstellend:

```Python hl_lines="27-31"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py!}
```

/// note | "Hinweis"

Weitere Informationen finden Sie in der Starlette-Dokumentation zum <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">Testen von WebSockets</a>.

   * #sizeIfKnown}, returning true if it's known to be zero and false if it's known to be non-zero.
   * If the size is not known, it falls back to opening a stream and checking for EOF.
   *
   * <p>Note that, in cases where {@code sizeIfKnown} returns zero, it is <i>possible</i> that bytes
   * are actually available for reading. (For example, some special files may return a size of 0