import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * Disables Animal Sniffer's checking of compatibility with older versions of Java/Android.
 *
 * <p>Each package's copy of this annotation needs to be listed in our {@code pom.xml}.
 */
@Target({METHOD, CONSTRUCTOR, TYPE, FIELD})

You don't necessarily need OAuth2 scopes, and you can handle authentication and authorization however you want.

But OAuth2 with scopes can be nicely integrated into your API (with OpenAPI) and your API docs.

Nevertheless, you still enforce those scopes, or any other security/authorization requirement, however you need, in your code.

In many cases, OAuth2 with scopes can be an overkill.

# Testing Events: lifespan and startup - shutdown { #testing-events-lifespan-and-startup-shutdown }

When you need `lifespan` to run in your tests, you can use the `TestClient` with a `with` statement:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004_py39.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}


You can read more details about the ["Running lifespan in tests in the official Starlette documentation site."](https://www.starlette.dev/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests)

You actually don't have users that log in to your application but robots, bots, or other systems, that have just an access token? Again, it all works the same.

Just use any kind of model, any kind of class, any kind of database that you need for your application. **FastAPI** has you covered with the dependency injection system.

## Code size { #code-size }

        .add("services", Collections2.filter(services, not(instanceOf(NoOpService.class))))
        .toString();
  }

  /**
   * An encapsulation of all the mutable state of the {@link ServiceManager} that needs to be
   * accessed by instances of {@link ServiceListener}.
   */
  private static final class ServiceManagerState {
    final Monitor monitor = new Monitor();

    @GuardedBy("monitor")

        .add("services", Collections2.filter(services, not(instanceOf(NoOpService.class))))
        .toString();
  }

  /**
   * An encapsulation of all the mutable state of the {@link ServiceManager} that needs to be
   * accessed by instances of {@link ServiceListener}.
   */
  private static final class ServiceManagerState {
    final Monitor monitor = new Monitor();

    @GuardedBy("monitor")

import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;

/**
 * Disables Animal Sniffer's checking of compatibility with older versions of Java/Android.
 *
 * <p>Each package's copy of this annotation needs to be listed in our {@code pom.xml}.
 */
@Target({METHOD, CONSTRUCTOR, TYPE, FIELD})
@NullMarked

import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;

/**
 * Disables Animal Sniffer's checking of compatibility with older versions of Java/Android.
 *
 * <p>Each package's copy of this annotation needs to be listed in our {@code pom.xml}.
 */
@Target({METHOD, CONSTRUCTOR, TYPE, FIELD})
@NullMarked

be built using the **Dependency Injection** system. But in fact, there is actually **no need to create "plug-ins"**, as by using dependencies it's possible to declare an infinite number of integrations and interactions that become available to your *path operation functions*.

And dependencies can be created in a very simple and intuitive way that allows you to just import the Python packages you need, and integrate them with your API functions in a couple of lines of code, *literally*....

import okhttp3.HttpUrl
import okhttp3.Request

object RequestLine {
  /**
   * Returns the request status line, like "GET / HTTP/1.1". This is exposed to the application by
   * [HttpURLConnection.getHeaderFields], so it needs to be set even if the transport is
   * HTTP/2.
   */
  fun get(
    request: Request,
    proxyType: Proxy.Type,
  ): String =
    buildString {
      append(request.method)
      append(' ')