}

  companion object {
    @JvmOverloads
    fun body(
      hex: String,
      charset: String? = null,
    ): ResponseBody {
      val mediaType = if (charset == null) null else "any/thing; charset=$charset".toMediaType()
      return hex.decodeHex().toResponseBody(mediaType)
    }

    fun exhaust(reader: Reader): String {
      val builder = StringBuilder()
      val buf = CharArray(10)

/// tip

The `callback_url` query parameter uses a Pydantic <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/networks/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Url</a> type.

///

The only new thing is the `callbacks=invoices_callback_router.routes` as an argument to the *path operation decorator*. We'll see what that is next.

## Documenting the callback { #documenting-the-callback }

# character that might be a shell metacharacter, then use eval to reverse
# that process (while maintaining the separation between arguments), and wrap
# the whole thing up as a single "set" statement.
#
# This will of course break if any of these variables contains a newline or
# an unmatched quote.
#

eval "set -- $(

And will also be used in the API docs inside each *path operation* that needs them:

<img src="/img/tutorial/body/image02.png">

## Editor support { #editor-support }

In your editor, inside your function you will get type hints and completion everywhere (this wouldn't happen if you received a `dict` instead of a Pydantic model):

<img src="/img/tutorial/body/image03.png">

You also get error checks for incorrect type operations:

  private final long totalLoadTime;

  private final long evictionCount;

  /**
   * Constructs a new {@code CacheStats} instance.
   *
   * <p>Five parameters of the same type in a row is a bad thing, but this class is not constructed
   * by end users and is too fine-grained for a builder.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // should accept a java.time.Duration
  public CacheStats(
      long hitCount,

  private final long totalLoadTime;

  private final long evictionCount;

  /**
   * Constructs a new {@code CacheStats} instance.
   *
   * <p>Five parameters of the same type in a row is a bad thing, but this class is not constructed
   * by end users and is too fine-grained for a builder.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // should accept a java.time.Duration
  public CacheStats(
      long hitCount,

# Introduction aux Types Python

Python supporte des annotations de type (ou *type hints*) optionnelles.

Ces annotations de type constituent une syntaxe spéciale qui permet de déclarer le <abbr title="par exemple : str, int, float, bool">type</abbr> d'une variable.

En déclarant les types de vos variables, cela permet aux différents outils comme les éditeurs de texte d'offrir un meilleur support.

It streamlines the process of **building**, **deploying**, and **accessing** an API with minimal effort.

It brings the same **developer experience** of building apps with FastAPI to **deploying** them to the cloud. 🎉

FastAPI Cloud is the primary sponsor and funding provider for the *FastAPI and friends* open source projects. ✨

     *            dominant data.
     * @param hints A set of key-value pairs that customized merger implementations can use to carry domain-specific
     *            information along, may be <code>null</code>.
     */
    public void merge(Model target, Model source, boolean sourceDominant, Map<?, ?> hints) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(target, "target cannot be null");

 *     return myServer;
 *   }
 *
 *   @Override
 *   public void close() throws IOException {
 *     serverSocket.close();
 *   }
 * }
 * }
 *
 * <p id="cleaner">Here is how you might achieve the same thing using {@link java.lang.ref.Cleaner
 * Cleaner}, if you are using a Java version where that is available:
 *
 * {@snippet :
 * public class MyServer implements Closeable {