// Then
        assertNotNull(ex);
        assertEquals(message, ex.getMessage());
        assertEquals(cause, ex.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle null message and/or cause without throwing")
    void testNullInputs() {
        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
            SpnegoException ex1 = new SpnegoException((String) null);
            assertNotNull(ex1);
            assertNull(ex1.getMessage());

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test all write methods with null buffer")
    void testWriteMethodsWithNullBuffer() {
        // Even with null buffer, methods should return 0 without throwing exception
        int result = response.writeSetupWireFormat(null, 0);
        assertEquals(0, result);

        result = response.writeParametersWireFormat(null, 0);
        assertEquals(0, result);

        // Assert throwing/catching behavior with assertThrows
        SMBProtocolDecodingException thrown = assertThrows(SMBProtocolDecodingException.class, () -> {
            throw new SMBProtocolDecodingException();
        }, "Should be throwable via assertThrows");
        assertTrue(thrown instanceof CIFSException, "Thrown instance should also be CIFSException subtype");
    }

        assertEquals(null, result, "Should return null when type cannot be unwrapped");
        verify(smbTree).unwrap(CustomSmbTree.class);
    }

    /**
     * Test for unwrap() method throwing exception.
     * Verifies that unwrap can throw exceptions when appropriate.
     */
    @Test
    void testUnwrap_throwsException() {

    }

    /**
     * Test watch() method throwing CIFSException
     */
    @Test
    void testWatchThrowsCIFSException() throws CIFSException {
        // Setup mock behavior
        CIFSException expectedException = new CIFSException("Watch operation failed");
        when(watchHandle.watch()).thenThrow(expectedException);

        // Execute and verify
        CIFSException thrown = assertThrows(CIFSException.class, () -> {

        // Both resources should be closed
        verify(filter, times(2)).accept(resource);
        verify(resource, times(2)).close();
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Iterator with filter throwing exception")
    void iteratorWithFilterException() throws Exception {
        // Setup: first attempt throws, second succeeds
        FileEntry entry1 = mock(FileEntry.class);

        // Mock response
        when(treeHandle.send(any(), any(), (RequestParam[]) any())).thenAnswer(invocation -> {
            return invocation.getArgument(1);
        });

        // When: Create iterator with throwing filter
        NetServerEnumIterator iterator = new NetServerEnumIterator(parent, treeHandle, "*", 0, nameFilter);

        // Then: Iterator should skip the entry (log error and continue)

            assertArrayEquals(original, buffer, "Buffer must remain unchanged");
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Handles null destination without throwing and returns 0")
        void allowsNullBuffer() {
            // Arrange
            Smb2LogoffResponse resp = newResponse();

            // Act & Assert

    void testOpenConnection_NullSystemProperty_UsesDefaultHandlers() throws Exception {
        // This test verifies that when the system property is null, the handler
        // falls back to using default handlers without throwing NullPointerException.
        System.clearProperty("java.protocol.handler.pkgs");
        setupMockProtocolHandlers();
        URL url = new URL("http://example.com/resource");

        int securityInfo = OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION;

        querySecurityDesc = new NtTransQuerySecurityDesc(mockConfig, fid, securityInfo);

        // Constructor should initialize the object without throwing exceptions
        assertNotNull(querySecurityDesc);

        // Test toString contains the expected values to verify field initialization
        String str = querySecurityDesc.toString();