TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

   1. Definitions.

      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.

      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
      the copyright owner that is granting the License.

   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

   1. Definitions.

      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.

      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
      the copyright owner that is granting the License.

 */

package com.google.common.net;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.escape.Escaper;

/**
 * {@code Escaper} instances suitable for strings to be included in particular sections of URLs.
 *
 * <p>If the resulting URLs are inserted into an HTML or XML document, they will require additional
 * escaping with {@link com.google.common.html.HtmlEscapers} or {@link
 * com.google.common.xml.XmlEscapers}.
 *

   * safely be included in XML document as an attribute value. See section <a
   * href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/#AVNormalize">3.3.3</a> of the XML
   * specification.
   *
   * <p>This escaper substitutes {@code 0xFFFD} for non-whitespace control characters and the
   * character values {@code 0xFFFE} and {@code 0xFFFF} which are not permitted in XML. For more

   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

   1. Definitions.

      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.

      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
      the copyright owner that is granting the License.

### Core Principles

**Thread Safety**:
- `AtomicLong` for counters (`CrawlerContext.accessCount`)
- `volatile` for status flags
- Synchronized blocks for critical sections
- Thread-local storage via `CrawlingParameterUtil`

**Resource Management**:
- `AutoCloseable` throughout
- `DeferredFileOutputStream` for large responses (temp files for >1MB)
- Connection pooling with limits

the notice requirements in Section 3.4).

2.4. Subsequent Licenses

No Contributor makes additional grants as a result of Your choice to
distribute the Covered Software under a subsequent version of this
License (see Section 10.2) or under the terms of a Secondary License (if
permitted under the terms of Section 3.3).

2.5. Representation

/**
 * Implementation detail for the internal structure of {@link Range} instances. Represents a unique
 * way of "cutting" a "number line" (actually of instances of type {@code C}, not necessarily
 * "numbers") into two sections; this can be done below a certain value, above a certain value,
 * below all values or above all values. With this object defined in this way, an interval can
 * always be represented by a pair of {@code Cut} instances.
 *

   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

   1. Definitions.

      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.

      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
      the copyright owner that is granting the License.

   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

   1. Definitions.

      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.

      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
      the copyright owner that is granting the License.