private void cleanupExpiredEntries() {
        List<String> expiredPaths = new ArrayList<>();

        for (Map.Entry<String, DirectoryCacheEntry> entry : directoryCache.entrySet()) {
            if (entry.getValue().isExpired()) {
                expiredPaths.add(entry.getKey());
            }
        }

        for (String path : expiredPaths) {
            log.debug("Cleaning up expired directory cache entry: {}", path);

            HandleType.DURABLE_V2,
            1000,  // 1 second timeout
            null
        );
        
        assertFalse(info.isExpired());
        
        // Wait for expiration
        Thread.sleep(1500);
        assertTrue(info.isExpired());
        
        // Persistent handles don't expire
        HandleInfo persistent = new HandleInfo(
            "/test/file2.txt",

        return sequenceNumber.incrementAndGet();
    }
    
    public void updateHeartbeat() {
        this.lastHeartbeat = System.currentTimeMillis();
    }
    
    public boolean isExpired(long timeoutMs) {
        return System.currentTimeMillis() - lastHeartbeat > timeoutMs;
    }
    
    // Getters and setters...
    public String getRegistrationId() { return registrationId; }

                null);

        assertFalse(durableInfo.isExpired());

        // Wait for expiration
        try {
            Thread.sleep(150);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
        }

        assertTrue(durableInfo.isExpired());

        // Test persistent handle (never expires)

     */
    public HandleInfo getHandleForReconnect(String path) {
        lock.readLock().lock();
        try {
            HandleInfo info = handles.get(path);
            if (info != null && !info.isExpired()) {
                info.setReconnecting(true);
                info.updateAccessTime();
                log.debug("Found handle for reconnect: {}", path);
                return info;
            }

        assertFalse(registration.isExpired(60000));

        // Verify heartbeat was actually updated
        assertTrue(registration.getLastHeartbeat() > initialTime);
    }

    @Test
    void testExpiration() throws InterruptedException {
        // Registration should not be expired initially with long timeout
        assertFalse(registration.isExpired(60000));

    V value = entry.getValueReference().get();
    if (value == null) {
      return null;
    }

    if (isExpired(entry, now)) {
      return null;
    }
    return value;
  }

  // expiration

  /** Returns true if the entry has expired. */
  boolean isExpired(ReferenceEntry<K, V> entry, long now) {
    checkNotNull(entry);

    V value = entry.getValueReference().get();
    if (value == null) {
      return null;
    }

    if (isExpired(entry, now)) {
      return null;
    }
    return value;
  }

  // expiration

  /** Returns true if the entry has expired. */
  boolean isExpired(ReferenceEntry<K, V> entry, long now) {
    checkNotNull(entry);

        entry.setMaxAge(100); // 100ms

        assertFalse(entry.isExpired());
        assertFalse(entry.needsRefresh());

        // Wait for expiration
        try {
            Thread.sleep(150);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // Ignore
        }

        assertTrue(entry.isExpired());
        assertTrue(entry.needsRefresh());
    }

    @Test

					return nil, errAccessKeyDisabled
				}
				return nil, errInvalidAccessKeyID
			}
			cred := u.Credentials
			// Expired credentials return error.
			if cred.IsTemp() && cred.IsExpired() {
				return nil, errInvalidAccessKeyID
			}
			return []byte(cred.SecretKey), nil
		} // this means claims.AccessKey == rootAccessKey
		if !globalAPIConfig.permitRootAccess() {