/**
   * Helper class for testing with non-finite values. {@link #ALL_MANY_VALUES} gives a number of
   * instances with many combinations of finite and non-finite values. All have {@link
   * #MANY_VALUES_COUNT} values. If all the values are finite then the mean is {@link
   * #MANY_VALUES_MEAN} and the sum-of-squares-of-deltas is {@link
   * #MANY_VALUES_SUM_OF_SQUARES_OF_DELTAS}. The smallest and largest finite values are always

        .isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR)
        .of(MANY_VALUES_MEAN);
    // For datasets of many double values created from an iterable, we test many combinations of
    // finite and non-finite values:
    for (ManyValues values : ALL_MANY_VALUES) {
      StatsAccumulator accumulator = new StatsAccumulator();
      StatsAccumulator accumulatorByAddAllStats = new StatsAccumulator();

    assertThat(TWO_VALUES_PAIRED_STATS.populationCovariance())
        .isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR)
        .of(TWO_VALUES_SUM_OF_PRODUCTS_OF_DELTAS / 2);
    // For datasets of many double values, we test many combinations of finite and non-finite
    // x-values:
    for (ManyValues values : ALL_MANY_VALUES) {
      PairedStats stats = createPairedStatsOf(values.asIterable(), OTHER_MANY_VALUES);
      double populationCovariance = stats.populationCovariance();

    assertThat(TWO_VALUES_PAIRED_STATS.populationCovariance())
        .isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR)
        .of(TWO_VALUES_SUM_OF_PRODUCTS_OF_DELTAS / 2);
    // For datasets of many double values, we test many combinations of finite and non-finite
    // x-values:
    for (ManyValues values : ALL_MANY_VALUES) {
      PairedStats stats = createPairedStatsOf(values.asIterable(), OTHER_MANY_VALUES);
      double populationCovariance = stats.populationCovariance();

        .isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR)
        .of(MANY_VALUES_SUM_OF_PRODUCTS_OF_DELTAS / MANY_VALUES_COUNT);
    // For datasets of many double values, we test many combinations of finite and non-finite
    // x-values:
    for (ManyValues values : ALL_MANY_VALUES) {
      PairedStatsAccumulator accumulator =
          createFilledPairedStatsAccumulator(values.asIterable(), OTHER_MANY_VALUES);

        .isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR)
        .of(MANY_VALUES_MEAN);
    // For datasets of many double values created from an iterable, we test many combinations of
    // finite and non-finite values:
    for (ManyValues values : ALL_MANY_VALUES) {
      StatsAccumulator accumulator = new StatsAccumulator();
      StatsAccumulator accumulatorByAddAllStats = new StatsAccumulator();

/**
 * Transmits a single HTTP request and a response pair. This layers connection management and events
 * on [ExchangeCodec], which handles the actual I/O.
 */
class Exchange(
  internal val call: RealCall,
  internal val finder: ExchangeFinder,
  private val codec: ExchangeCodec,
) {
  /** True if the request body need not complete before the response body starts. */
  internal var isDuplex: Boolean = false
    private set

  /**
   * Helper class for testing with non-finite values. {@link #ALL_MANY_VALUES} gives a number of
   * instances with many combinations of finite and non-finite values. All have {@link
   * #MANY_VALUES_COUNT} values. If all the values are finite then the mean is {@link
   * #MANY_VALUES_MEAN} and the sum-of-squares-of-deltas is {@link
   * #MANY_VALUES_SUM_OF_SQUARES_OF_DELTAS}. The smallest and largest finite values are always

 * The representation of a linear transformation between real numbers {@code x} and {@code y}.
 * Graphically, this is the specification of a straight line on a plane. The transformation can be
 * expressed as {@code y = m * x + c} for finite {@code m} and {@code c}, unless it is a vertical
 * transformation in which case {@code x} has a constant value for all {@code y}. In the
 * non-vertical case, {@code m} is the slope of the transformation (and a horizontal transformation

import java.util.List;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Quick and dirty benchmark of {@link Throwables#lazyStackTrace(Throwable)}. We benchmark a "caller
 * finder" implementation that might be used in a logging framework.
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class LazyStackTraceBenchmark {
  @Param({"20", "200", "2000"})
  int stackDepth;

  @Param({"-1", "3", "15"})
  int breakAt;