* an edge connecting node A to node B if this {@link Network} has an edge connecting A to B.
   *
   * <p>If this network {@link #allowsParallelEdges() allows parallel edges}, parallel edges will be
   * treated as if collapsed into a single edge. For example, the {@link #degree(Object)} of a node

      GraphBuilder.directed().<String>immutable().addNode("B").build();

  private static final NetworkBuilder<?, ?> networkBuilderA =
      NetworkBuilder.directed().allowsParallelEdges(true).expectedNodeCount(10);
  private static final NetworkBuilder<?, ?> networkBuilderB =
      NetworkBuilder.directed().allowsSelfLoops(true).expectedNodeCount(16);

    Random gen = new Random(42); // Fixed seed so test results are deterministic.

    for (int trial = 0; trial < NUM_TRIALS; ++trial) {
      MutableNetwork<Integer, Object> network =
          networkBuilder.allowsParallelEdges(true).allowsSelfLoops(true).build();

      assertThat(network.nodes()).isEmpty();
      assertThat(network.edges()).isEmpty();
      AbstractNetworkTest.validateNetwork(network);

          + "edgesConnecting() instead.";
  static final String PARALLEL_EDGES_NOT_ALLOWED =
      "Nodes %s and %s are already connected by a different edge. To construct a graph "
          + "that allows parallel edges, call allowsParallelEdges(true) on the Builder.";
  static final String SELF_LOOPS_NOT_ALLOWED =
      "Cannot add self-loop edge on node %s, as self-loops are not allowed. To construct a graph "

        EndpointPair.ordered(N4, N4));
  }

  @Test
  public void endpointPair_undirectedNetwork() {
    MutableNetwork<Integer, String> undirectedNetwork =
        NetworkBuilder.undirected().allowsParallelEdges(true).allowsSelfLoops(true).build();
    undirectedNetwork.addNode(N0);
    undirectedNetwork.addEdge(N1, N2, E12);
    undirectedNetwork.addEdge(N2, N1, E12_A); // adds parallel edge, won't be in Graph edges

    // In a directed graph, parallel edges cannot introduce a cycle in an acyclic graph.
    // However, in an undirected graph, any parallel edge induces a cycle in the graph.
    if (!network.isDirected()
        && network.allowsParallelEdges()
        && network.edges().size() > network.asGraph().edges().size()) {
      return true;
    }
    return hasCycle(network.asGraph());
  }

  /**

    // In a directed graph, parallel edges cannot introduce a cycle in an acyclic graph.
    // However, in an undirected graph, any parallel edge induces a cycle in the graph.
    if (!network.isDirected()
        && network.allowsParallelEdges()
        && network.edges().size() > network.asGraph().edges().size()) {
      return true;
    }
    return hasCycle(network.asGraph());
  }

  /**