}

  public void testOrderedPermutationSetSizeOverflow() {
    // 12 elements won't overflow
    assertEquals(
        479001600 /*12!*/,
        Collections2.orderedPermutations(newArrayList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12))
            .size());
    // 13 elements overflow an int
    assertEquals(
        Integer.MAX_VALUE,

            try {
                // Exponential backoff with overflow protection - ensure safe calculation
                if (retryDelayMs > 0) {
                    // Safe calculation preventing overflow: use Math.max(0, retryCount - 1) and limit shift
                    int safeShift = Math.min(MAX_BACKOFF_SHIFT, Math.max(0, retryCount - 1));

    if (!condition) {
      throw new ArithmeticException("overflow: " + methodName + "(" + a + ", " + b + ")");
    }
  }

  static void checkNoOverflow(boolean condition, String methodName, long a, long b) {
    if (!condition) {
      throw new ArithmeticException("overflow: " + methodName + "(" + a + ", " + b + ")");
    }
  }

  private MathPreconditions() {}

     * might not run some of its listeners. The likely result is that the app will hang. (And of
     * course stack overflows are bad news in general. For example, we may have overflowed in the
     * middle of defining a class. If so, that class will never be loadable in this process.) The
     * best we can do (since logging may overflow the stack) is to let the error propagate. Because

            verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockBuffer);
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should encode masked overflow value correctly")
        void testEncodeMaskedValue() throws NdrException {
            // Given: NdrShort with overflow value that gets masked
            int inputValue = 300; // 300 & 0xFF = 44
            NdrShort ndrShort = new NdrShort(inputValue);

        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle overflow in capacity calculation")
        void shouldHandleOverflowInCapacityCalculation() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
            // Given - values that will cause overflow
            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(24);
            buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);

     * might not run some of its listeners. The likely result is that the app will hang. (And of
     * course stack overflows are bad news in general. For example, we may have overflowed in the
     * middle of defining a class. If so, that class will never be loadable in this process.) The
     * best we can do (since logging may overflow the stack) is to let the error propagate. Because

        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle overflow in capacity calculation")
        void shouldHandleOverflowInCapacityCalculation() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
            // Given - values that will cause overflow
            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(32);
            buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);

        assertEquals(20, bytesDecoded);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test capacity calculation overflow handling")
    void testCapacityCalculationOverflow() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
        // Prepare test data that might cause overflow in naive implementations
        byte[] buffer = new byte[22];
        int idFileSystem = 0;
        int sectPerAlloc = 1000;

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("encode() throws when dstIndex causes overflow")
    void encodeThrowsWhenDstIndexCausesOverflow() {
        byte[] src = makeSeq(5);
        Encodable enc = new ByteEncodable(src, 0, 5);
        byte[] dst = new byte[6]; // size is 6, but index 2 + len 5 -> overflow

        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> enc.encode(dst, 2),