@asynccontextmanager
    async def lifespan(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[dict[str, bool], None]:
        state.app_startup = True
        yield {"app": True}
        state.app_shutdown = True

    @asynccontextmanager
    async def router_lifespan(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncGenerator[dict[str, bool], None]:
        state.router_startup = True
        yield {"router": True}

```Python
{
    'username': 'john',
    'password': 'secret',
    'email': '******@****.***',
    'full_name': None,
}
```

#### 解包 `dict` { #unpacking-a-dict }

若將像 `user_dict` 這樣的 `dict` 以 `**user_dict` 傳給函式（或類別），Python 會將其「解包」，把 `user_dict` 的鍵和值直接當作具名引數傳入。

因此，延續上面的 `user_dict`，寫成：

```Python
UserInDB(**user_dict)
```

效果等同於：

```Python
UserInDB(
    username="john",

    return operation_id


def deep_dict_update(main_dict: dict[Any, Any], update_dict: dict[Any, Any]) -> None:
    for key, value in update_dict.items():
        if (
            key in main_dict
            and isinstance(main_dict[key], dict)
            and isinstance(value, dict)
        ):
            deep_dict_update(main_dict[key], value)
        elif (

    return values


async def request_body_to_args(
    body_fields: list[ModelField],
    received_body: dict[str, Any] | FormData | bytes | None,
    embed_body_fields: bool,
) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], list[dict[str, Any]]]:
    values: dict[str, Any] = {}
    errors: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
    assert body_fields, "request_body_to_args() should be called with fields"

같은 방식으로 이 데이터베이스는 Pydantic 모델(속성이 있는 객체)을 받지 않고, `dict`만을 받습니다.

이를 위해 `jsonable_encoder`를 사용할 수 있습니다.

Pydantic 모델 같은 객체를 받고 JSON 호환 가능한 버전을 반환합니다:

{* ../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py hl[4,21] *}

이 예시에서는 Pydantic 모델을 `dict`로, `datetime`을 `str`로 변환합니다.

이렇게 호출한 결과는 파이썬 표준인 [`json.dumps()`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html#json.dumps)로 인코딩할 수 있습니다.

        // Test dictionary paths structure
        assertEquals("/admin/dict/admin_dict.jsp", FessHtmlPath.path_AdminDict_AdminDictJsp.getRoutingPath());
        assertEquals("/admin/dict/kuromoji/admin_dict_kuromoji.jsp",
                FessHtmlPath.path_AdminDictKuromoji_AdminDictKuromojiJsp.getRoutingPath());

The same way, this database wouldn't receive a Pydantic model (an object with attributes), only a `dict`.

You can use `jsonable_encoder` for that.

It receives an object, like a Pydantic model, and returns a JSON compatible version:

{* ../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py hl[4,21] *}

In this example, it would convert the Pydantic model to a `dict`, and the `datetime` to a `str`.

                "although still supported. Use examples instead."
            ),
        ] = _Unset,
        openapi_examples: dict[str, Example] | None = None,
        deprecated: deprecated | str | bool | None = None,
        include_in_schema: bool = True,
        json_schema_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
        **extra: Any,
    ):
        if example is not _Unset:
            warnings.warn(

在某些情況下，你可能需要將某種資料型別（例如 Pydantic 模型）轉換為與 JSON 相容的類型（例如 `dict`、`list` 等）。

例如，當你需要把它儲存在資料庫中。

為此，**FastAPI** 提供了 `jsonable_encoder()` 函式。

## 使用 `jsonable_encoder` { #using-the-jsonable-encoder }

想像你有一個只接受與 JSON 相容資料的資料庫 `fake_db`。

例如，它不接受 `datetime` 物件，因為那與 JSON 不相容。

因此，必須將 `datetime` 物件轉為一個以 [ISO 格式](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601) 表示資料的 `str`。

同樣地，這個資料庫不會接受 Pydantic 模型（帶有屬性的物件），只接受 `dict`。

你可以使用 `jsonable_encoder` 來處理。

import org.codelibs.fess.app.web.CrudMode;
import org.codelibs.fess.app.web.admin.dict.kuromoji.UploadForm;
import org.codelibs.fess.app.web.api.ApiResult;
import org.codelibs.fess.app.web.api.admin.FessApiAdminAction;
import org.codelibs.fess.dict.kuromoji.KuromojiFile;
import org.codelibs.fess.dict.kuromoji.KuromojiItem;
import org.lastaflute.web.Execute;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.JsonResponse;