I think `Union[SomeType, None]` is more explicit about what it means.

It's just about the words and names. But those words can affect how you and your teammates think about the code.

As an example, let's take this function:

```python
from typing import Optional


def say_hi(name: Optional[str]):

    * That's one layer **below HTTP**.
    * So, the **certificate and encryption** handling is done **before HTTP**.
* **TCP doesn't know about "domains"**. Only about IP addresses.
    * The information about the **specific domain** requested goes in the **HTTP data**.
* The **HTTPS certificates** "certify" a **certain domain**, but the protocol and encryption happen at the TCP level, **before knowing** which domain is being dealt with.

Here's a small preview of how you could integrate Strawberry with FastAPI:

{* ../../docs_src/graphql_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[3,22,25] *}

You can learn more about Strawberry in the [Strawberry documentation](https://strawberry.rocks/).

And also the docs about [Strawberry with FastAPI](https://strawberry.rocks/docs/integrations/fastapi).

## Older `GraphQLApp` from Starlette { #older-graphqlapp-from-starlette }

## Reporting a Vulnerability

If you think you found a vulnerability, and even if you are not sure about it, please report it right away by sending an email to: ******@****.***. Please try to be as explicit as possible, describing all the steps and example code to reproduce the security issue.

            - init_headers
            - headers
            - set_cookie
            - delete_cookie

## Starlette Responses

You can read more about all of them in the [FastAPI docs for Custom Response](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/) and in the [Starlette docs about Responses](https://starlette.dev/responses/).

::: fastapi.responses.FileResponse
    options:
        members:
            - chunk_size

blank_issues_enabled: false
contact_links:
  - name: Ask for help
    url: http://help.gradle.org/
    about: If you need help with Gradle or have a usage question, please reach our community instead of creating an issue.
  - name: Create an issue without template
    url: https://github.com/gradle/gradle/issues/new?template=blank

///

/// tip

To declare form bodies, you need to use `Form` explicitly, because without it the parameters would be interpreted as query parameters or body (JSON) parameters.

///

## About "Form Fields" { #about-form-fields }

The way HTML forms (`<form></form>`) sends the data to the server normally uses a "special" encoding for that data, it's different from JSON.

blank_issues_enabled: false
contact_links:
  - name: MinIO Community Support
    url: https://slack.min.io
    about: Community support via Slack - for questions and discussions
  - name: MinIO Enterprise Support (SUBNET)
    url: https://min.io/pricing

/// note

Some response codes (see the next section) indicate that the response does not have a body.

FastAPI knows this, and will produce OpenAPI docs that state there is no response body.

///

## About HTTP status codes { #about-http-status-codes }

/// note

If you already know what HTTP status codes are, skip to the next section.

///

In HTTP, you send a numeric status code of 3 digits as part of the response.

I'll show you some concrete examples in the next chapters.

---

Then the next concepts to consider are all about the program running your actual API (e.g. Uvicorn).

## Program and Process { #program-and-process }

We will talk a lot about the running "**process**", so it's useful to have clarity about what it means, and what's the difference with the word "**program**".

### What is a Program { #what-is-a-program }