validRangeSpecs := []struct {
		spec                 string
		expOffset, expLength int64
	}{
		{"bytes=0-", 0, 10},
		{"bytes=1-", 1, 9},
		{"bytes=0-9", 0, 10},
		{"bytes=1-10", 1, 9},
		{"bytes=1-1", 1, 1},
		{"bytes=2-5", 2, 4},
		{"bytes=-5", 5, 5},
		{"bytes=-1", 9, 1},
		{"bytes=-1000", 0, 10},
	}
	for i, testCase := range validRangeSpecs {
		rs, err := parseRequestRangeSpec(testCase.spec)
		if err != nil {

    assertEscaping(e, "%7F", '\u007f'); // del
    assertEscaping(e, "%C2%80", '\u0080'); // xx-00010,x-000000
    assertEscaping(e, "%DF%BF", '\u07ff'); // xx-11111,x-111111
    assertEscaping(e, "%E0%A0%80", '\u0800'); // xxx-0000,x-100000,x-00,0000
    assertEscaping(e, "%EF%BF%BF", '\uffff'); // xxx-1111,x-111111,x-11,1111
    assertUnicodeEscaping(e, "%F0%90%80%80", '\uD800', '\uDC00');
    assertUnicodeEscaping(e, "%F4%8F%BF%BF", '\uDBFF', '\uDFFF');

    assertEscaping(e, "%7F", '\u007f'); // del
    assertEscaping(e, "%C2%80", '\u0080'); // xx-00010,x-000000
    assertEscaping(e, "%DF%BF", '\u07ff'); // xx-11111,x-111111
    assertEscaping(e, "%E0%A0%80", '\u0800'); // xxx-0000,x-100000,x-00,0000
    assertEscaping(e, "%EF%BF%BF", '\uffff'); // xxx-1111,x-111111,x-11,1111
    assertUnicodeEscaping(e, "%F0%90%80%80", '\uD800', '\uDC00');
    assertUnicodeEscaping(e, "%F4%8F%BF%BF", '\uDBFF', '\uDFFF');

        checkVersionsOrder("1", "2");
        checkVersionsOrder("1.5", "2");
        checkVersionsOrder("1", "2.5");
        checkVersionsOrder("1.0", "1.1");
        checkVersionsOrder("1.1", "1.2");
        checkVersionsOrder("1.0.0", "1.1");
        checkVersionsOrder("1.0.1", "1.1");
        checkVersionsOrder("1.1", "1.2.0");

        checkVersionsOrder("1.0-alpha-1", "1.0");

  }

  public void testRotateIndexed() {
    testRotate(new byte[] {}, 0, 0, 0, new byte[] {});

    testRotate(new byte[] {1}, 0, 0, 1, new byte[] {1});
    testRotate(new byte[] {1}, 1, 0, 1, new byte[] {1});
    testRotate(new byte[] {1}, 1, 1, 1, new byte[] {1});

    // Rotate the central 5 elements, leaving the ends as-is
    testRotate(new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, -6, 1, 6, new byte[] {0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 6});

        assertNull(restriction.getUpperBound(), CHECK_UPPER_BOUND);
        assertFalse(restriction.isUpperBoundInclusive(), CHECK_UPPER_BOUND_INCLUSIVE);

        range1 = VersionRange.createFromVersionSpec("(,1.1), (1.1,)");
        range2 = VersionRange.createFromVersionSpec("1.1");
        mergedRange = range1.restrict(range2);
        assertNull(mergedRange.getRecommendedVersion(), CHECK_VERSION_RECOMMENDATION);

        assertTrue(result.contains("flags=0x00"));
        assertTrue(result.contains("filename=" + TEST_FILENAME));
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @CsvSource({ "0, 0, '', 10, 1024", "65535, 65535, 'file.txt', 1, 1", "1, 1, 'longfilename_with_many_characters.txt', 1000, 65535",
            "32768, 16384, 'test*.txt', 500, 32768" })
    void testConstructorWithVariousParameters(int sid, int resumeKey, String filename, int batchCount, int batchSize) {

  public void testRotateIndexed() {
    testRotate(new char[] {}, 0, 0, 0, new char[] {});

    testRotate(new char[] {'1'}, 0, 0, 1, new char[] {'1'});
    testRotate(new char[] {'1'}, 1, 0, 1, new char[] {'1'});
    testRotate(new char[] {'1'}, 1, 1, 1, new char[] {'1'});

    // Rotate the central 5 elements, leaving the ends as-is
    testRotate(
        new char[] {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6'},
        -6,
        1,

    }
  }

  fun buildCloudflareIp(bootstrapClient: OkHttpClient): DnsOverHttps =
    DnsOverHttps
      .Builder()
      .client(bootstrapClient)
      .url("https://1.1.1.1/dns-query".toHttpUrl())
      .build()

  private fun enableTls() {
    client =
      client
        .newBuilder()
        .sslSocketFactory(
          handshakeCertificates.sslSocketFactory(),

  public void testRotateIndexed() {
    testRotate(new double[] {}, 0, 0, 0, new double[] {});

    testRotate(new double[] {1}, 0, 0, 1, new double[] {1});
    testRotate(new double[] {1}, 1, 0, 1, new double[] {1});
    testRotate(new double[] {1}, 1, 1, 1, new double[] {1});

    // Rotate the central 5 elements, leaving the ends as-is
    testRotate(new double[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, -6, 1, 6, new double[] {0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 6});