///

/// tip | 팁

FastAPI 애플리케이션에 요청을 보내는 것 외에도 테스트에서 `async` 함수를 호출하고 싶다면 (예: 비동기 데이터베이스 함수), 심화 튜토리얼의 [Async Tests](../advanced/async-tests.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 를 참조하세요.

///

## 테스트 분리하기

실제 애플리케이션에서는 테스트를 별도의 파일로 나누는 경우가 많습니다.


그리고 **FastAPI** 애플리케이션도 여러 파일이나 모듈 등으로 구성될 수 있습니다.

### **FastAPI** app 파일

        assertNotNull(encData.getUserAuthorizations());
        // Assuming KerberosAuthData.parse is tested elsewhere and might return empty for this test case
        assertTrue(encData.getUserAuthorizations().isEmpty());
    }

    /**
     * Test constructor with a malformed token.
     */
    @Test
    void testConstructorMalformed() {
        byte[] malformedToken = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 };

import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Tester for {@link Multimap#put}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
@NullMarked

  }

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // NullPointerTester
  public void testNullPointers() {
    NullPointerTester tester = new NullPointerTester();
    tester.testAllPublicStaticMethods(ImmutableMultiset.class);
  }

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // SerializableTester
  public void testSerialization_empty() {

      for (int i = 0; i < expected.length; i++) {
        assertEquals(expected[i], got[i]);
      }
    }
  }

  // Assumes that AbstractNonStreamingHashFunction works properly (must be tested elsewhere!)
  private static class Control extends AbstractNonStreamingHashFunction {
    @Override
    public HashCode hashBytes(byte[] input, int off, int len) {

<project>
  <groupId>snapshot-test</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-test-snapshot-resolving</artifactId>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Fake Maven Central Repository</name>
      <url>file://dummy</url>
    </repository>
  </repositories>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>snapshot-test</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-snapshot-a</artifactId>

You also get error checks for incorrect type operations:

<img src="/img/tutorial/body/image04.png">

This is not by chance, the whole framework was built around that design.

And it was thoroughly tested at the design phase, before any implementation, to ensure it would work with all the editors.

There were even some changes to Pydantic itself to support this.

				continue
			}
			// check the doc https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/UsingMetadata.html
			// For metadata values like "ö", "ÄMÄZÕÑ S3", and "öha, das sollte eigentlich
			// funktionieren", tested against a real AWS S3 bucket, S3 may encode incorrectly. For
			// example, "ö" was encoded as =?UTF-8?B?w4PCtg==?=, producing invalid UTF-8 instead
			// of =?UTF-8?B?w7Y=?=. This mirrors errors like the ä½ in another string.

#!/bin/bash

# This script is used to test the migration of IAM content from old minio
# instance to new minio instance.
#
# To run it locally, start the LDAP server in github.com/minio/minio-iam-testing
# repo (e.g. make podman-run), and then run this script.
#
# This script assumes that LDAP server is at:
#
#   `localhost:389`
#
# if this is not the case, set the environment variable
# `_MINIO_LDAP_TEST_SERVER`.

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // NullPointerTester
  public void testNullPointerExceptions() {
    NullPointerTester tester = new NullPointerTester();
    tester.testAllPublicStaticMethods(Ordering.class);

    // any Ordering<Object> instance that accepts nulls should be good enough
    tester.testAllPublicInstanceMethods(Ordering.usingToString().nullsFirst());
  }