// Add ACEs
        int aceOffset = offset + 28; // After DACL header
        for (int i = 0; i < aceCount; i++) {
            prepareSimpleAce(buffer, aceOffset);
            aceOffset += 32; // Simple ACE size
        }
    }

    private void prepareSecurityDescriptorBufferWithInvalidAceCount(byte[] buffer, int offset) {
        buffer[offset] = 0x01; // revision

        }

        // Test size calculation
        int size = request.size();
        int expectedRawSize = Smb2Constants.SMB2_HEADER_LENGTH + 40 + 64;
        int expectedSize = (expectedRawSize + 7) & ~7;
        assertEquals(expectedSize, size);

        // Test wire format writing
        byte[] buffer = new byte[512];
        int bytesWritten = request.writeBytesWireFormat(buffer, 64);

        // Calculate buffer size
        int serverNameSize = 16; // Fixed field size
        int versionSize = 2;
        int typeSize = 4;
        int offsetSize = 4;
        int commentSize = comment.length() + 1;
        int totalSize = serverNameSize + versionSize + typeSize + offsetSize + commentSize;

        byte[] buffer = new byte[totalSize + 100];
        int bufferIndex = 0;
        int start = 0;

     * @return number of bytes read
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     */
    public static int readn(final InputStream in, final byte[] b, final int off, final int len) throws IOException {
        int i = 0, n = -5;

        if (off + len > b.length) {
            throw new IOException("Buffer too short, bufsize " + b.length + " read " + len);
        }

        while (i < len) {

        void testSignThreadSafety() throws InterruptedException {
            int threadCount = 10;
            Thread[] threads = new Thread[threadCount];
            byte[][] dataArrays = new byte[threadCount][128];

            for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
                final int index = i;
                dataArrays[i] = new byte[128];
                Arrays.fill(dataArrays[i], (byte) i);

        assertNotNull(response.getServerGuid());
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @DisplayName("Should throw exception for invalid structure size")
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 1, 64, 66, 128 })
    void testReadBytesWireFormatInvalidStructureSize(int structureSize) {
        // Given
        byte[] buffer = new byte[256];
        SMBUtil.writeInt2(structureSize, buffer, 0);

        // When & Then

    private final Semaphore credits = new Semaphore(1, true);

    private final int desiredCredits = 512;

    private byte[] preauthIntegrityHash = new byte[64];
    private final Object preauthHashLock = new Object();

    SmbTransportImpl(final CIFSContext tc, final Address address, final int port, final InetAddress localAddr, final int localPort,
            final boolean forceSigning) {
        this.transportContext = tc;

        // Read with offset and length
        ndrBuffer.setIndex(0);
        Arrays.fill(destData, (byte) 0x00); // Clear destData
        ndrBuffer.readOctetArray(destData, 1, 3); // Read 0x10, 0x11, 0x12 into destData[1-3]

        assertEquals(3, ndrBuffer.getIndex());
        assertEquals(0x00, destData[0]);
        assertEquals(0x10, destData[1]);
        assertEquals(0x11, destData[2]);

                }
            } else if ("item".equals(qName)) {
                buffer.setLength(0);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void characters(final char[] ch, final int offset, final int length) {
            buffer.append(new String(ch, offset, length));
        }

        @Override
        public void endElement(final String uri, final String localName, final String qName) {

        return h;
    }

    /**
     * Concatenates multiple byte arrays into a single array.
     */
    private static byte[] concat(byte[]... arrays) {
        int total = 0;
        for (byte[] a : arrays) {
            total += a.length;
        }
        byte[] res = new byte[total];
        int off = 0;
        for (byte[] a : arrays) {
            System.arraycopy(a, 0, res, off, a.length);