In this section you will see how to manage authentication and authorization with the same OAuth2 with scopes in your **FastAPI** application.

/// warning

This is a more or less advanced section. If you are just starting, you can skip it.

You don't necessarily need OAuth2 scopes, and you can handle authentication and authorization however you want.

    // already a (presumably) high-quality hash code, any four bytes of it will do.
    if (bits() >= 32) {
      return asInt();
    }
    // If we have less than 4 bytes, use them all.
    byte[] bytes = getBytesInternal();
    int val = bytes[0] & 0xFF;
    for (int i = 1; i < bytes.length; i++) {
      val |= (bytes[i] & 0xFF) << (i * 8);
    }
    return val;
  }

    checkNotNull(fromElement);
    checkNotNull(toElement);
    int cmp = comparator().compare(fromElement, toElement);
    checkArgument(cmp <= 0, "fromElement (%s) is less than toElement (%s)", fromElement, toElement);
    if (cmp == 0 && !(fromInclusive && toInclusive)) {
      return emptySet(comparator());
    }
    return tailSet(fromElement, fromInclusive).headSet(toElement, toInclusive);

// sort.Sort call, can be used to prepare arbitrary inputs for use as sets.
func uniq(data sort.Interface) (size int) {
	p, l := 0, data.Len()
	if l <= 1 {
		return l
	}
	for i := 1; i < l; i++ {
		if !data.Less(p, i) {
			continue
		}
		p++
		if p < i {
			data.Swap(p, i)
		}
	}
	return p + 1
}

// Remove any duplicates and return unique entries.
func uniqueEntries(paths []string) []string {

    ),
    READY_FOR_RELEASE("Ready for Release", "Once a day: Rerun tests in more environments", "ReadyforRelease"),
    WEEKLY_VALIDATION(
        "Weekly Validation",
        "Once a week: Run tests in even more environments but less often",
        "WeeklyValidation",
    ),
    HISTORICAL_PERFORMANCE(
        "Historical Performance",
        "Once a week: Run performance tests for multiple Gradle versions",
        "HistoricalPerformance",

/// info

This requires installing `ujson` for example with `pip install ujson`.

///

/// warning

`ujson` is less careful than Python's built-in implementation in how it handles some edge-cases.

///

{* ../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001_py39.py hl[2,7] *}

/// tip

Here some things wrapped in HTML "abbr" elements (Some are invented):

### The abbr gives a full phrase { #the-abbr-gives-a-full-phrase }

* <abbr title="Getting Things Done">GTD</abbr>
* <abbr title="less than"><code>lt</code></abbr>
* <abbr title="XML Web Token">XWT</abbr>
* <abbr title="Parallel Server Gateway Interface">PSGI</abbr>

### The abbr gives an explanation { #the-abbr-gives-an-explanation }

    /**
     * Test decode with truncated data
     */
    @Test
    @DisplayName("Decode should handle truncated data")
    void testDecodeTruncatedData() {
        byte[] truncatedData = new byte[3]; // Less than 4 bytes

        CIFSException exception = assertThrows(CIFSException.class, () -> {
            AvPairs.decode(truncatedData);
        });

 * exposes at least one public static final constant of the same type, one of the constants will be
 * used; or if the class exposes a public parameter-less constructor then it will be "new"d and
 * returned.
 *
 * <p>All default instances returned by {@link #get} are generics-safe. Clients won't get type

// It sets the initial buffer to use when scanning
// and the maximum size of buffer that may be allocated during scanning.
// The contents of the buffer are ignored.
//
// The maximum token size must be less than the larger of max and cap(buf).
// If max <= cap(buf), [Scanner.Scan] will use this buffer only and do no allocation.
//
// By default, [Scanner.Scan] uses an internal buffer and sets the