public void testNullPointers() {
    NullPointerTester tester = new NullPointerTester();
    tester.setDefault(BigInteger.class, ONE);
    tester.setDefault(int.class, 1);
    tester.setDefault(long.class, 1L);
    tester.testAllPublicStaticMethods(BigIntegerMath.class);
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // String.format
  @FormatMethod
  private static void failFormat(String template, Object... args) {

        }

        @Override
        public Integer previous(Integer value) {
          return integers().previous(value);
        }

        @Override
        public long distance(Integer start, Integer end) {
          return integers().distance(start, end);
        }
      };

  public void testCanonical() {

but you might want to omit them from the result if they were not actually stored.

For example, if you have models with many optional attributes in a NoSQL database, but you don't want to send very long JSON responses full of default values.

### Use the `response_model_exclude_unset` parameter { #use-the-response-model-exclude-unset-parameter }

	{"abc", []byte("ABC")},
	{"AbC123", []byte("ABC123")},
	{"azAZ09_", []byte("AZAZ09_")},
	{"longStrinGwitHmixofsmaLLandcAps", []byte("LONGSTRINGWITHMIXOFSMALLANDCAPS")},
	{"long\u0250string\u0250with\u0250nonascii\u2C6Fchars", []byte("LONG\u2C6FSTRING\u2C6FWITH\u2C6FNONASCII\u2C6FCHARS")},
	{"\u0250\u0250\u0250\u0250\u0250", []byte("\u2C6F\u2C6F\u2C6F\u2C6F\u2C6F")}, // grows one byte per char

    rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)
    will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if
    the user installs one, as long as the modified version is
    interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.

    c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at
    least three years, to give the same user the materials

        // than expected, so we're not asserting null for HOST1
    }

    @Test
    void testPopulateWithLongHostname() throws Exception {
        // Create a temporary lmhosts file with long hostname
        String longHostname = "VERYLONGHOSTNAMETHATSHOULDSTILLWORK";
        File lmhostsFile = tempDir.resolve("lmhosts_long").toFile();
        try (FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(lmhostsFile)) {

        // Setup mock file with minimal required behavior
        String content = "File content for testing";
        byte[] contentBytes = content.getBytes();

        when(smbFile.length()).thenReturn((long) contentBytes.length);
        when(smbFile.getInputStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayInputStream(contentBytes));

        // Use spy to avoid actual SMB operations
        NetworkExplorer spyExplorer = spy(networkExplorer);

                    "CrawlerClient is null for URL: " + url + ". Unable to access the document without a crawler client.");
        }

        final SystemHelper systemHelper = ComponentUtil.getSystemHelper();
        final long startTime = systemHelper.getCurrentTimeAsLong();
        try (final ResponseData responseData = client.execute(RequestDataBuilder.newRequestData().get().url(url).build())) {
            if (responseData.getRedirectLocation() != null) {

We are going to start from where we left in the previous chapter and increment it.

## About JWT { #about-jwt }

JWT means "JSON Web Tokens".

It's a standard to codify a JSON object in a long dense string without spaces. It looks like this:

```
eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiaWF0IjoxNTE2MjM5MDIyfQ.SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c
```

//
// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
func errExpressionTooLong(err error) *s3Error {
	return &s3Error{
		code:       "ExpressionTooLong",
		message:    "The SQL expression is too long: The maximum byte-length for the SQL expression is 256 KB.",
		statusCode: 400,
		cause:      err,
	}
}

func errColumnTooLong(err error) *s3Error {
	return &s3Error{
		code:       "ColumnTooLong",