A maioria dessas configurações é variável (podem mudar), como URLs de bancos de dados. E muitas delas podem conter dados sensíveis, como tokens secretos.

Por isso é comum prover essas configurações como variáveis de ambiente que são utilizidas pela aplicação.

## Variáveis de Ambiente

/// tip | Dica

* 서로 다른 장소에서 **매개변수** 선언: **헤더**, **쿠키**, **폼 필드** 그리고 **파일**.
* `maximum_length` 또는 `regex`처럼 **유효성 제약**하는 방법.
* 강력하고 사용하기 쉬운 **<abbr title="컴포넌트, 리소스, 제공자, 서비스, injectables라 알려진">의존성 주입</abbr>** 시스템.
* **OAuth2** 지원을 포함한 **JWT tokens** 및 **HTTP Basic**을 갖는 보안과 인증.
* (Pydantic 덕분에) **깊은 중첩 JSON 모델**을 선언하는데 더 진보한 (하지만 마찬가지로 쉬운) 기술.
* (Starlette 덕분에) 많은 추가 기능:
    * **웹 소켓**
    * **GraphQL**
    * HTTPX 및 `pytest`에 기반한 극히 쉬운 테스트
    * **CORS**

///

## Global view { #global-view }

First, let's quickly see the parts that change from the examples in the main **Tutorial - User Guide** for [OAuth2 with Password (and hashing), Bearer with JWT tokens](../../tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. Now using OAuth2 scopes:

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py hl[5,9,13,47,65,106,108:116,122:126,130:136,141,157] *}

* 驗證外來的型別，比如:
    * URL
    * Email
    * UUID


### 安全性及身份驗證

FastAPI 已經整合了安全性和身份驗證的功能，但不會強制與特定的資料庫或資料模型進行綁定。

OpenAPI 中定義的安全模式，包括：

* HTTP 基本認證。
* **OAuth2**（也使用 **JWT tokens**）。在 [OAuth2 with JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 查看教學。
* API 密鑰，在：
    * 標頭（Header）
    * 查詢參數
    * Cookies，等等。

加上来自 Starlette（包括 **session cookie**）的所有安全特性。

CSI Service Account Token feature moves to Beta in 1.21. This feature improves the security posture and allows CSI drivers to receive pods' [bound service account tokens](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-auth/1205-bound-service-account-tokens/README.md). This feature also provides a knob to re-publish volumes so that short-lived volumes can be refreshed.

### CSI Health Monitoring

    * Leer otras ideas, artículos, y leer sobre las herramientas que he creado.
    * Seguirme para leer lo que publico nuevo.

## Twittea sobre **FastAPI**

<a href="https://x.com/compose/tweet?text=I'm loving @fastapi because... https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Twittea sobre **FastAPI**</a> y dime a mí y a otros por qué te gusta. 🎉

    * ✍ 🎏 💭, 📄, & ✍ 🔃 🧰 👤 ✔️ ✍.
    * ⏩ 👤 ✍ 🕐❔ 👤 ✍ 🕳 🆕.

## 👱📔 🔃 **FastAPI**

<a href="https://x.com/compose/tweet?text=I'm loving @fastapi because... https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">👱📔 🔃 **FastAPI**</a> &amp; ➡️ 👤 &amp; 🎏 💭 ⚫️❔ 👆 💖 ⚫️. 👶

				iamLogIf(ctx, nerr.Err)
			}
		}
	}
	return updatedAt, nil
}

// RevokeTokens - revokes all STS tokens, or those of specified type, for a user
// If `tokenRevokeType` is empty, all tokens are revoked.
func (sys *IAMSys) RevokeTokens(ctx context.Context, accessKey, tokenRevokeType string) error {
	if !sys.Initialized() {
		return errServerNotInitialized
	}

* A very powerful and easy to use **<abbr title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Dependency Injection</abbr>** system.
* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth.
* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic).

- Promoted the `ServiceAccountTokenJTI` feature to GA, which adds a `jti` claim to issued service account tokens and embeds the `jti` claim as a `authentication.kubernetes.io/credential-id=["JTI=..."]` value in user extra info