同样，这个数据库也不会接收Pydantic模型（带有属性的对象），而只接收`dict`。

对此你可以使用`jsonable_encoder`。

它接收一个对象，比如Pydantic模型，并会返回一个JSON兼容的版本：

{* ../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py hl[4,21] *}

在这个例子中，它将Pydantic模型转换为`dict`，并将`datetime`转换为`str`。

调用它的结果后就可以使用Python标准编码中的<a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html#json.dumps" class="external-link" target="_blank">`json.dumps()`</a>。

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="mod",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial001_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial001_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_module(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    module = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.encoder.{request.param}")
    return module


@pytest.fixture(name="client")

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial001_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial001_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(
        f"docs_src.query_params_str_validations.{request.param}"
    )

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial014_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial014_py310", marks=needs_py310),
        pytest.param("tutorial014_an_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial014_an_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial001_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial001_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.response_directly.{request.param}")

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    return client

from inline_snapshot import snapshot

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial004_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial004_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.response_model.{request.param}")

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    return client

{* ../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial003_py310.py hl[26] *}

In this example, the *path operations* under the `router` will use the custom `TimedRoute` class, and will have an extra `X-Response-Time` header in the response with the time it took to generate the response:

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial003_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial003_py310", marks=needs_py310),
        pytest.param("tutorial003_an_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial003_an_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial009_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial009_py310", marks=needs_py310),
        pytest.param("tutorial009_an_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial009_an_py310", marks=needs_py310),
    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):

# Query параметри та валідація рядків

**FastAPI** дозволяє оголошувати додаткову інформацію та виконувати валідацію для Ваших параметрів.

Розглянемо цей додаток як приклад:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py hl[7] *}

Query параметр `q` має тип `str | None`, що означає, що він може бути як `str`, так і `None`. За замовчуванням він має значення `None`, тому FastAPI розуміє, що цей параметр не є обов'язковим.

/// note | Примітка