final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(20);
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) {
            char c = s.charAt(i);
            if (c == groupingSep) {
                continue;
            } else if (c == decimalSep) {
                c = '.';
            }
            buf.append(c);
        }
        return buf.toString();
    }

     */
    public static void appendHex(final StringBuilder buf, final int i) {
        buf.append(Integer.toHexString(i >> 24 & 0xff));
        buf.append(Integer.toHexString(i >> 16 & 0xff));
        buf.append(Integer.toHexString(i >> 8 & 0xff));
        buf.append(Integer.toHexString(i & 0xff));
    }

    /**
     * Converts an underscore-separated string to camel case.
     * <p>
     * Usage example:
     * </p>

	_, err = io.ReadFull(b.rc, b.hashBytes)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	_, err = io.ReadFull(b.rc, buf)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	b.h.Write(buf)
	if !bytes.Equal(b.h.Sum(nil), b.hashBytes) {
		return 0, errFileCorrupt
	}
	b.currOffset += int64(len(buf))
	return len(buf), nil
}

// Returns streaming bitrot reader implementation.

	}

	var written int64
	for {
		buf := alignedBuf
		if totalSize > 0 {
			remaining := totalSize - written
			if remaining < int64(len(buf)) {
				buf = buf[:remaining]
			}
		}

		nr, err := io.ReadFull(r, buf)
		eof := errors.Is(err, io.EOF) || errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF)
		if err != nil && !eof {
			return written, err
		}

		buf = buf[:nr]
		var (
			n  int
			un int

                final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(value.length() + 100);
                for (final char c : value.toCharArray()) {
                    if (CharUtil.isUrlChar(c) || c == ' ') {
                        buf.append(c);
                    } else {
                        try {
                            buf.append(URLEncoder.encode(String.valueOf(c), Constants.UTF_8));

		p.readers[next], p.readers[i] = p.readers[i], p.readers[next]
		p.readerToBuf[next] = i
		p.readerToBuf[i] = next
		next++
	}
}

// Returns if buf can be erasure decoded.
func (p *parallelReader) canDecode(buf [][]byte) bool {
	bufCount := 0
	for _, b := range buf {
		if len(b) > 0 {
			bufCount++
		}
	}
	return bufCount >= p.dataBlocks
}

}

const void TFE_MonitoringStringGaugeCellValue(
    TFE_MonitoringStringGaugeCell* cell, TF_Buffer* buf) {
  tensorflow::string value = cell->cell.value();
  void* data = tensorflow::port::Malloc(value.length());
  value.copy(static_cast<char*>(data), value.length(), 0);
  buf->data = data;
  buf->length = value.length();
  buf->data_deallocator = [](void* data, size_t length) {
    tensorflow::port::Free(data);
  };
}

)

func main() {
	rb := ringbuffer.New(1024)

	// write
	rb.Write([]byte("abcd"))
	fmt.Println(rb.Length())
	fmt.Println(rb.Free())

	// read
	buf := make([]byte, 4)
	rb.Read(buf)
	fmt.Println(string(buf))
}
```

It is possible to use an existing buffer with by replacing `New` with `NewBuffer`.


# Blocking vs Non-blocking

                return new IntItem(buf);
            } else if (buf.length() <= MAX_LONGITEM_LENGTH) {
                // lower than 2^63
                return new LongItem(buf);
            }
            return new BigIntegerItem(buf);
        }
        return new StringItem(buf, false);
    }

    private static String stripLeadingZeroes(String buf) {
        if (buf == null || buf.isEmpty()) {
            return "0";

                final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(100);
                buf.append(tokenUrl);
                if (StringUtil.isNotBlank(tokenReqParams)) {
                    if (tokenUrl.indexOf('?') >= 0) {
                        buf.append('&');
                    } else {
                        buf.append('?');
                    }
                    buf.append(tokenReqParams);
                }