func listIAMConfigItems(ctx context.Context, objAPI ObjectLayer, pathPrefix string) <-chan itemOrErr[string] {
	ch := make(chan itemOrErr[string])

	go func() {
		defer xioutil.SafeClose(ch)

		// Allocate new results channel to receive ObjectInfo.
		objInfoCh := make(chan itemOrErr[ObjectInfo])

		if err := objAPI.Walk(ctx, minioMetaBucket, pathPrefix, objInfoCh, WalkOptions{}); err != nil {
			select {

		case "ts":
			var zb0002 uint32
			zb0002, err = dc.ReadMapHeader()
			if err != nil {
				err = msgp.WrapError(err, "Tiers")
				return
			}
			if z.Tiers == nil {
				z.Tiers = make(map[string]tierStats, zb0002)
			} else if len(z.Tiers) > 0 {
				for key := range z.Tiers {
					delete(z.Tiers, key)
				}
			}
			for zb0002 > 0 {
				zb0002--
				var za0001 string
				var za0002 tierStats

3. **Testing**:
   - Include unit tests for new functionality or bug fixes.
   - Ensure existing tests pass (`make test`).
   - Document testing steps in the PR summary if manual testing was performed.

4. **Before Submitting**:
   - Run `make verify` to check formatting, linting, and tests.
   - Reference related issues (e.g., “Closes #1234”).

// errors cause a `false` result. A string describing the error is
// also returned.
func cmpReaders(r1, r2 io.Reader) (bool, string) {
	bufLen := 32 * 1024
	b1, b2 := make([]byte, bufLen), make([]byte, bufLen)
	for i := 0; true; i++ {
		n1, e1 := io.ReadFull(r1, b1)
		n2, e2 := io.ReadFull(r2, b2)
		if n1 != n2 {
			return false, fmt.Sprintf("Read %d != %d bytes from the readers", n1, n2)
		}

			argumentValue = tag
			valid = false
			return
		}
	}

	return
}

func parseObjectAttributes(h http.Header) (attributes map[string]struct{}) {
	attributes = make(map[string]struct{})
	for _, headerVal := range h.Values(xhttp.AmzObjectAttributes) {
		for v := range strings.SplitSeq(strings.TrimSpace(headerVal), ",") {
			if v != "" {
				attributes[v] = struct{}{}
			}
		}

// By default at least 128 entries in single getdents call (1MiB buffer)
var (
	direntPool = bpool.Pool[*[]byte]{
		New: func() *[]byte {
			buf := make([]byte, blockSize*128)
			return &buf
		},
	}

	direntNamePool = bpool.Pool[*[]byte]{
		New: func() *[]byte {
			buf := make([]byte, blockSize)
			return &buf
		},
	}
)

// unexpectedFileMode is a sentinel (and bogus) os.FileMode

// newNSLock - return a new name space lock map.
func newNSLock(isDistErasure bool) *nsLockMap {
	nsMutex := nsLockMap{
		isDistErasure: isDistErasure,
	}
	if isDistErasure {
		return &nsMutex
	}
	nsMutex.lockMap = make(map[string]*nsLock)
	return &nsMutex
}

// nsLock - provides primitives for locking critical namespace regions.
type nsLock struct {
	ref int32
	*lsync.LRWMutex
}

 * </ul>
 *
 * To force selection of our fallback strategies we load {@link AggregateFutureState} (and all of
 * {@code com.google.common.util.concurrent}) in degenerate class loaders which make certain
 * platform classes unavailable. Then we construct a test suite so we can run the normal FuturesTest
 * test methods in these degenerate classloaders.
 */

@NullUnmarked

func (dui DataUsageInfo) tierStats() []madmin.TierInfo {
	if dui.TierStats == nil {
		return nil
	}

	if globalTierConfigMgr.Empty() {
		return nil
	}

	ts := make(map[string]madmin.TierStats)
	dui.TierStats.populateStats(ts)

	infos := make([]madmin.TierInfo, 0, len(ts))
	for tier, stats := range ts {
		infos = append(infos, madmin.TierInfo{
			Name:  tier,
			Type:  globalTierConfigMgr.TierType(tier),

When you declare a default value for non-path parameters (for now, we have only seen query parameters), then it is not required.

If you don't want to add a specific value but just make it optional, set the default as `None`.

But when you want to make a query parameter required, you can just not declare any default value:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005.py hl[6:7] *}