AuthenticationContext authCtx = AuthenticationContext.forProxy(null, repo);
                    p.setUserName(authCtx.get(AuthenticationContext.USERNAME));
                    p.setPassword(authCtx.get(AuthenticationContext.PASSWORD));
                    p.setNtlmDomain(authCtx.get(AuthenticationContext.NTLM_DOMAIN));

	flag.StringVar(&minioUsername, "u", "", "MinIO Username")
	flag.StringVar(&minioPassword, "p", "", "MinIO Password")
	flag.BoolVar(&displayCreds, "d", false, "Only show generated credentials")
	flag.DurationVar(&expiryDuration, "e", 0, "Request a duration of validity for the generated credential")
	flag.StringVar(&bucketToList, "b", "", "Bucket to list (defaults to username)")

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py hl[105,107:115] *}

## 校验 `username` 与数据形状

我们可以校验是否获取了 `username`，并抽取作用域。

然后，使用 Pydantic 模型校验数据（捕获 `ValidationError` 异常），如果读取 JWT 令牌或使用 Pydantic 模型验证数据时出错，就会触发之前创建的 `HTTPException` 异常。

对此，要使用新的属性 `scopes` 更新 Pydantic 模型 `TokenData`。

使用 Pydantic 验证数据可以确保数据中含有由作用域组成的**字符串列表**，以及 `username` 字符串等内容。

反之，如果使用**字典**或其它数据结构，就有可能在后面某些位置破坏应用，形成安全隐患。

	oeConfig DiscoveryDoc
	client   http.Client
	adminURL string
	realm    string

	// internal value refreshed
	accessToken Token
}

// LoginWithUser authenticates username/password, not needed for Keycloak
func (k *KeycloakProvider) LoginWithUser(username, password string) error {
	return ErrNotImplemented
}

// LoginWithClientID is implemented by Keycloak service account support

        //    <proxy>
        //      <active>true</active>
        //      <protocol>http</protocol>
        //      <host>proxy.somewhere.com</host>
        //      <port>8080</port>
        //      <username>proxyuser</username>
        //      <password>somepassword</password>
        //      <nonProxyHosts>www.google.com|*.somewhere.com</nonProxyHosts>
        //    </proxy>
        //  </proxies>

    assertThat(parse("http://username:@host/path"))
      .isEqualTo(parse("http://username@host/path"))
  }

  @Test
  fun passwordWithEmptyUsername() {
    // Chrome doesn't mind, but Firefox rejects URLs with empty usernames and non-empty passwords.
    assertThat(parse("http://:@host/path"))
      .isEqualTo(parse("http://host/path"))
    assertThat(parse("http://:password@@host/path").encodedPassword)

- User provides their AD/LDAP username and password to the STS API.
- MinIO looks up the user's information (specifically the user's Distinguished Name) in the LDAP server.
- On finding the user's info, MinIO verifies the login credentials with the AD/LDAP server.

	flag.StringVar(&ldapUsername, "u", "", "AD/LDAP Username")
	flag.StringVar(&ldapPassword, "p", "", "AD/LDAP Password")
	flag.BoolVar(&displayCreds, "d", false, "Only show generated credentials")
	flag.DurationVar(&expiryDuration, "e", 0, "Request a duration of validity for the generated credential")
	flag.StringVar(&bucketToList, "b", "", "Bucket to list (defaults to ldap username)")

package cmd

import (
	"context"
	"strings"

	"github.com/minio/madmin-go/v3"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/auth"
)

// getUserWithProvider - returns the appropriate internal username based on the user provider.
// if validate is true, an error is returned if the user does not exist.
func getUserWithProvider(ctx context.Context, userProvider, user string, validate bool) (string, error) {
	switch userProvider {

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    full_name: Union[str, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item, user: User):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user}