Pydantic, мощь которого используется в FastAPI для валидации и сериализации, имеет специальное поведение для `Optional` или `Union[Something, None]` без значения по умолчанию. Вы можете узнать об этом больше в документации Pydantic, раздел <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/models/#required-optional-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">Обязательные Опциональные поля</a>.

///

## Множество значений для query-параметра

index.backup.log.load.timeout=60000

# logging

# Application packages for logging.
logging.app.packages=org.codelibs,org.dbflute,org.lastaflute
# Whether to enable search docs logging.
logging.search.docs.enabled=true
# Fields to log for search docs.
logging.search.docs.fields=filetype,created,click_count,title,doc_id,url,score,site,filename,host,digest,boost,mimetype,favorite_count,_id,lang,last_modified,content_length,timestamp

     * either case, no one needs to read `futures` for cancellation purposes later. (And
     * cancellation purposes are the main reason to access `futures`, as discussed in its docs.)
     */
    this.futures = null;
  }

  enum ReleaseResourcesReason {
    OUTPUT_FUTURE_DONE,
    ALL_INPUT_FUTURES_PROCESSED,
  }

  /**

**リクエスト** ボディはクライアントによってAPIへ送られます。**レスポンス** ボディはAPIがクライアントに送るデータです。

APIはほとんどの場合 **レスポンス** ボディを送らなければなりません。しかし、クライアントは必ずしも **リクエスト** ボディを送らなければいけないわけではありません。

**リクエスト** ボディを宣言するために <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> モデルを使用します。そして、その全てのパワーとメリットを利用します。

/// info | 情報

データを送るには、`POST` (もっともよく使われる)、`PUT`、`DELETE` または `PATCH` を使うべきです。

    @Deprecated(since = "4.0.0", forRemoval = true)
    String CHILDREN_COMBINATION_APPEND = XmlService.CHILDREN_COMBINATION_APPEND;

    /**
     * This default mode for combining children DOMs during merge means that where element names match, the process will
     * try to merge the element data, rather than putting the dominant and recessive elements (which share the same
     * element name) as siblings in the resulting DOM.

  // but essentially each line will be a call to a Preconditions method that, but for a documented
  // change would be a compiler error.
  // See http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-15.html#jls-15.12.2 for the spec on
  // how javac selects overloads
  @SuppressWarnings("null")
  public void overloadSelection() {
    Boolean boxedBoolean = null;

  // but essentially each line will be a call to a Preconditions method that, but for a documented
  // change would be a compiler error.
  // See http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jls/se7/html/jls-15.html#jls-15.12.2 for the spec on
  // how javac selects overloads
  @SuppressWarnings("null")
  public void overloadSelection() {
    Boolean boxedBoolean = null;

        p1 = path1.lastIndexOf('/');
        p2 = path2.lastIndexOf('/');
        l1 = path1.length() - p1;
        l2 = path2.length() - p2;

        // anything with dots voids comparison
        if ((l1 > 1 && path1.charAt(p1 + 1) == '.') || (l2 > 1 && path2.charAt(p2 + 1) == '.')) {
            return true;
        }

```Python
q: str = Query(default="rick")
```

### Vorzüge von `Annotated`

**Es wird empfohlen, `Annotated` zu verwenden**, statt des Defaultwertes im Funktionsparameter, das ist aus mehreren Gründen **besser**: 🤓

Der **Default**wert des **Funktionsparameters** ist der **tatsächliche Default**wert, das spielt generell intuitiver mit Python zusammen. 😌

Agora vamos revisar essas mudanças passo a passo.

## Esquema de segurança OAuth2

A primeira mudança é que agora nós estamos declarando o esquema de segurança OAuth2 com dois escopos disponíveis, `me` e `items`.

O parâmetro `scopes` recebe um `dict` contendo cada escopo como chave e a descrição como valor:

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py hl[63:66] *}