@Override
  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
    super.setUp();
    hasher = mock(Hasher.class);
    hashFunction = mock(HashFunction.class);
    buffer = new ByteArrayInputStream(testBytes);

    when(hashFunction.newHasher()).thenReturn(hasher);
  }

  public void testRead_putSingleByte() throws Exception {
    HashingInputStream in = new HashingInputStream(hashFunction, buffer);

  @Override
  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
    super.setUp();
    hasher = mock(Hasher.class);
    hashFunction = mock(HashFunction.class);
    buffer = new ByteArrayInputStream(testBytes);

    when(hashFunction.newHasher()).thenReturn(hasher);
  }

  public void testRead_putSingleByte() throws Exception {
    HashingInputStream in = new HashingInputStream(hashFunction, buffer);

router_a = APIRouter()
router_a_a = APIRouter()
router_a_b_override = APIRouter()  # Overrides default class
router_b_override = APIRouter()  # Overrides default class
router_b_a = APIRouter()
router_b_a_c_override = APIRouter()  # Overrides default class again


@app.get("/")
def get_root():
    return {"msg": "Hello World"}


@app.get("/override", response_class=PlainTextResponse)
def get_path_override():
    return "Hello World"

The build tree state is managed by the `BuildTreeState` class.
An instance is created at the start of a build execution and discarded at the end of the execution.

### Build state

The "build state" holds the state for a build within the build definition for a single build execution, and is contained by the build tree state.

The build state is managed by the `BuildState` class.

import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;

/** Tests for {@link StandardMutableValueGraph} and related functionality. */
// TODO(user): Expand coverage and move to proper test suite.
@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
public final class ValueGraphTest {
  private static final String DEFAULT = "default";

  MutableValueGraph<Integer, String> graph;

  @After
  public void validateGraphState() {

# `APIRouter` class

Here's the reference information for the `APIRouter` class, with all its parameters, attributes and methods.

You can import the `APIRouter` class directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import APIRouter
```

::: fastapi.APIRouter
    options:
        members:
            - websocket
            - include_router
            - get
            - put
            - post
            - delete

    ExecutionException expected =
        assertThrows(ExecutionException.class, () -> getDone(immediateFailedFuture(failureCause)));
    assertThat(expected).hasCauseThat().isEqualTo(failureCause);
  }

  public void testCancelled() throws ExecutionException {
    assertThrows(CancellationException.class, () -> getDone(immediateCancelledFuture()));
  }

  public void testPending() throws ExecutionException {

import org.lastaflute.web.validation.LaValidatable;
import org.lastaflute.web.validation.VaMessenger;

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * @author jflute
 */
public abstract class FessBaseAction extends TypicalAction // has several interfaces for direct use
        implements LaValidatable<FessMessages>, FessHtmlPath {

    // ===================================================================================

import jcifs.internal.smb2.ioctl.Smb2IoctlResponse;
import jcifs.util.ByteEncodable;


/**
 * @author mbechler
 *
 */
class SmbPipeHandleImpl implements SmbPipeHandleInternal {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SmbPipeHandleImpl.class);

    private final SmbNamedPipe pipe;
    private final boolean transact;
    private final boolean call;

    private final int openFlags;

也就是说，**FastAPI** 针对差不多 80% 的 Python 开发者使用的编辑器进行了测试，而且其它大多数编辑器的工作方式也与之类似，因此，**FastAPI** 的优势几乎能在所有编辑器上体现。

通过这种方式，我就能找到尽可能减少代码重复的最佳方式，进而实现处处都有自动补全、类型提示与错误检查等支持。

所有这些都是为了给开发者提供最佳的开发体验。

## 需求项

经过测试多种备选方案，我最终决定使用  <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Pydantic**</a>，并充分利用它的优势。