// as their length. These files are very small, so it's wasteful to allocate an 8KB buffer.
    int initialBufferSize = min(BUFFER_SIZE, max(128, Integer.highestOneBit(totalLen) * 2));
    // Starting with an 8k buffer, double the size of each successive buffer. Smaller buffers
    // quadruple in size until they reach 8k, to minimize the number of small reads for longer

    }

    // ===================================================================================
    //                                                                        Small Helper
    //                                                                        ============
    //                                                                              JSP

    }

    // ===================================================================================
    //                                                                        Small Helper
    //                                                                        ============
    private String getCsvEncoding() {
        return fessConfig.getCsvFileEncoding();
    }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should throw exception for buffer underrun")
        void testReadBytesWireFormatWithBufferUnderrun() {
            // Given
            byte[] buffer = new byte[59]; // One byte too small
            SMBUtil.writeInt2(60, buffer, 0);

            // When & Then
            assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> {
                response.readBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0);

        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should reject when signature field exceeds buffer size in sign method")
        void testSignSignatureExceedsBuffer() {
            byte[] data = new byte[50]; // Too small for signature field
            assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> digest.sign(data, 0, 50, request, response),
                    "Should throw IllegalArgumentException when signature field exceeds buffer");

            return entity;
        });
    }

    // ===================================================================================
    //                                                                        Small Helper
    //                                                                        ============
    /**
     * Verify that the CRUD mode matches the expected mode.
     * Throws validation error if modes don't match.

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test buffer overflow protection")
    void testBufferOverflowProtection() {
        byte[] smallBuffer = new byte[23]; // One byte too small

        // Should throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> {
            request.writeBytesWireFormat(smallBuffer, 0);
        });
    }

            return entity;
        });
    }

    // ===================================================================================
    //                                                                        Small Helper
    //                                                                        ============
    //                                                                              JSP

 * allowed to be reclaimed if nobody is holding on to them. This is useful, for example, if one
 * wants to create a {@code Striped<Lock>} of many locks, but worries that in most cases only a
 * small portion of these would be in use.
 *
 * <p>Prior to this class, one might be tempted to use {@code Map<K, Lock>}, where {@code K}
 * represents the task. This maximizes concurrency by having each unique key mapped to a unique

   * a {@code Future} is returned to the caller (unless the executor has been shutdown).
   *
   * <p>Although all tasks are immediately executed in the thread that submitted the task, this
   * {@code ExecutorService} imposes a small locking overhead on each task submission in order to
   * implement shutdown and termination behavior.
   *
   * <p>The implementation deviates from the {@code ExecutorService} specification with regards to