```Python hl_lines="27-31"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py!}
```

/// note

🌅 ℹ, ✅ 💃 🧾 <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">🔬 *️⃣ </a>.

/// tip | "Tipp"

Wenn Sie strukturiert **FastAPI lernen** möchten (empfohlen), lesen Sie stattdessen Kapitel für Kapitel das [Tutorial – Benutzerhandbuch](../tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Random;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link Hashing}.
 *
 * <p>TODO(b/33919189): Migrate repeated testing methods to {@link HashTestUtils} and tweak unit
 * tests to reference them from there.
 *
 * @author Dimitris Andreou
 * @author Kurt Alfred Kluever
 */
public class HashingTest extends TestCase {

Der Abschnitt mit:

{% raw %}

```jinja
<a href="{{ url_for('read_item', id=id) }}">
```

{% endraw %}

... generiert also einen Link zu derselben URL, welche von der *Pfadoperation-Funktion* `read_item(id=id)` gehandhabt werden würde.

Mit beispielsweise der ID `42` würde dies Folgendes ergeben:

```html
<a href="/items/42">
```

Wenn Sie Felder aus Formularen statt JSON empfangen müssen, können Sie `Form` verwenden.

/// info

Um Formulare zu verwenden, installieren Sie zuerst <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.

Z. B. `pip install python-multipart`.

///

## `Form` importieren

Importieren Sie `Form` von `fastapi`:

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="3"

 *
 * @deprecated since 4.0.0, use {@link org.apache.maven.api.services.xml.SettingsXmlFactory} instead
 */
@Deprecated(since = "4.0.0")
public interface SettingsReader {

    /**
     * The key for the option to enable strict parsing. This option is of type {@link Boolean} and defaults to {@code

 *
 * @since 3.3.0
 * @deprecated since 4.0.0, use {@link org.apache.maven.api.services.xml.ToolchainsXmlFactory} instead
 */
@Deprecated(since = "4.0.0")
public interface ToolchainsReader {

    /**
     * The key for the option to enable strict parsing. This option is of type {@link Boolean} and defaults to {@code

Logo, a seção com:

{% raw %}

```jinja
<a href="{{ url_for('read_item', id=id) }}">
```

{% endraw %}

...irá gerar um link para a mesma URL que será tratada pela *path operation function* `read_item(id=id)`.

Por exemplo, com um ID de `42`, isso renderizará:

```html
<a href="/items/42">
```

## Templates e Arquivos Estáticos

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.Reader;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * Unit tests for {@link Closeables}.
 *
 * <p>Checks proper closing behavior, and ensures that IOExceptions on Closeable.close() are not
 * propagated out from the {@link Closeables#close} method if {@code swallowException} is true.
 *
 * @author Michael Lancaster
 */
public class CloseablesTest extends TestCase {

    return delegate().asMap();
  }

  @Override
  public void cleanUp() {
    delegate().cleanUp();
  }

  /**
   * A simplified version of {@link ForwardingCache} where subclasses can pass in an already
   * constructed {@link Cache} as the delegate.
   *
   * @since 10.0
   */
  public abstract static class SimpleForwardingCache<K, V> extends ForwardingCache<K, V> {