Most of the standard headers are separated by a "hyphen" character, also known as the "minus symbol" (`-`).

But a variable like `user-agent` is invalid in Python.

So, by default, `Header` will convert the parameter names characters from underscore (`_`) to hyphen (`-`) to extract and document the headers.

     */
    FAILED,
  }

  /**
   * A listener for the various state changes that a {@link Service} goes through in its lifecycle.
   *
   * <p>All methods are no-ops by default, implementors should override the ones they care about.
   *
   * @author Luke Sandberg
   * @since 15.0 (present as an interface in 13.0)
   */
  abstract class Listener {
    /**

#### Pfad

„Pfad“ bezieht sich hier auf den letzten Teil der URL, beginnend mit dem ersten `/`.

In einer URL wie:

```
https://example.com/items/foo
```

... wäre der Pfad folglich:

```
/items/foo
```

/// info

Ein „Pfad“ wird häufig auch als „Endpunkt“ oder „Route“ bezeichnet.

///

     *       cleared, we know that we're not executing inline any more
     * </ul>
     *
     * All the states where thread != currentThread are identical for our purposes, and so even
     * though it's racy, we don't care which of those values we get, so no need to synchronize.
     */
    @CheckForNull @LazyInit Thread thread;

    /** Only used by the thread associated with this object */

   * the output future list. (Such races are impossible to solve without global synchronization of
   * all future completions. And they should have little practical impact.)
   *
   * <p>Cancelling a delegate future propagates to input futures once all the delegates complete,
   * either from cancellation or because an input future has completed. If N futures are passed in,

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avea
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import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;

/**
 * Exception indicating that a recursive delete can't be performed because the file system does not
 * have the support necessary to guarantee that it is not vulnerable to race conditions that would
 * allow it to delete files and directories outside of the directory being deleted (i.e., {@link
 * SecureDirectoryStream} is not supported).
 *

But first, let's check some small concepts.

## In a hurry?

If you don't care about any of these terms and you just need to add security with authentication based on username and password *right now*, skip to the next chapters.

## OAuth2

OAuth2 is a specification that defines several ways to handle authentication and authorization.

It is quite an extensive specification and covers several complex use cases.

/// info

`Query`, `Path`, and other classes you will see later are subclasses of a common `Param` class.

All of them share the same parameters for additional validation and metadata you have seen.

///

/// note | "Technical Details"

When you import `Query`, `Path` and others from `fastapi`, they are actually functions.

That when called, return instances of classes of the same name.

    * Um sich also bei unserer API zu authentifizieren, sendet es einen Header `Authorization` mit dem Wert `Bearer` plus dem Token.
    * Wenn der Token `foobar` enthielte, wäre der Inhalt des `Authorization`-Headers: `Bearer foobar`.

## **FastAPI**s `OAuth2PasswordBearer`

**FastAPI** bietet mehrere Tools auf unterschiedlichen Abstraktionsebenen zur Implementierung dieser Sicherheitsfunktionen.