return (delegate != null) ? delegate.toArray() : Arrays.copyOf(requireElements(), size);
  }

  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  @Override
  @SuppressWarnings("nullness") // b/192354773 in our checker affects toArray declarations
  public <T extends @Nullable Object> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
    if (needsAllocArrays()) {
      if (a.length > 0) {
        a[0] = null;
      }
      return a;
    }

    * Aangezien de `q` parameter werd gedeclareerd met `= None`, is deze optioneel.
    * Zonder de `None` declaratie zou deze verplicht zijn (net als bij de body in het geval met `PUT`).
* Voor `PUT` verzoeken naar `/items/{item_id}`, lees de body als JSON:
    * Controleer of het een verplicht attribuut `naam` heeft en dat dat een `str` is.

  /*
   * This class maintains a lazily-initialized table of atomically
   * updated variables, plus an extra "base" field. The table size
   * is a power of two. Indexing uses masked per-thread hash codes.
   * Nearly all declarations in this class are package-private,
   * accessed directly by subclasses.
   *
   * Table entries are of class Cell; a variant of AtomicLong padded
   * to reduce cache contention on most processors. Padding is

    @SuppressWarnings("nullness")
    Object[] result = ObjectArrays.toArrayImpl(this);
    return result;
  }

  @Override
  @SuppressWarnings("nullness") // b/192354773 in our checker affects toArray declarations
  public <T extends @Nullable Object> T[] toArray(T[] other) {
    return ObjectArrays.toArrayImpl(this, other);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean contains(@Nullable Object object) {
    try {

///

### <a href="https://github.com/hugapi/hug" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hug</a>

Hug war eines der ersten Frameworks, welches die Deklaration von API-Parametertypen mithilfe von Python-Typhinweisen implementierte. Das war eine großartige Idee, die andere Tools dazu inspirierte, dasselbe zu tun.

///

## 🆎 🔑 **FastAPI**

**FastAPI** ✊ 📈 👫 🆎 🔑 📚 👜.

⏮️ **FastAPI** 👆 📣 🔢 ⏮️ 🆎 🔑 & 👆 🤚:

* **👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺**.
* **🆎 ✅**.

...and **FastAPI** uses the same declarations :

* **🔬 📄**: ⚪️➡️ 📨 ➡ 🔢, 🔢 🔢, 🎚, 💪, 🔗, ♒️.
* **🗜 💽**: ⚪️➡️ 📨 🚚 🆎.
* **✔ 💽**: 👟 ⚪️➡️ 🔠 📨:
    * 🏭 **🏧 ❌** 📨 👩‍💻 🕐❔ 📊 ❌.
* **📄** 🛠️ ⚙️ 🗄:
    * ❔ ⤴️ ⚙️ 🏧 🎓 🧾 👩‍💻 🔢.

{* ../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py *}

Copy that to a file `main.py`.

Run the live server:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ <font color="#4E9A06">fastapi</font> dev <u style="text-decoration-style:single">main.py</u>
<font color="#3465A4">INFO    </font> Using path <font color="#3465A4">main.py</font>

```Python
{!../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!}
```

Скопіюйте це до файлу `main.py`.

Запустіть сервер:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ <font color="#4E9A06">fastapi</font> dev <u style="text-decoration-style:single">main.py</u>
<font color="#3465A4">INFO    </font> Using path <font color="#3465A4">main.py</font>

    return toArray(EMPTY_ARRAY);
  }

  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  @Override
  /*
   * This suppression is here for two reasons:
   *
   * 1. b/192354773 in our checker affects toArray declarations.
   *
   * 2. `other[size] = null` is unsound. We could "fix" this by requiring callers to pass in an
   * array with a nullable element type. But probably they usually want an array with a non-nullable

**FastAPI** takes advantage of these type hints to do several things.

With **FastAPI** you declare parameters with type hints and you get:

* **Editor support**.
* **Type checks**.

...and **FastAPI** uses the same declarations to:

* **Define requirements**: from request path parameters, query parameters, headers, bodies, dependencies, etc.
* **Convert data**: from the request to the required type.
* **Validate data**: coming from each request: