You can add code to be run with the `request`,  before any *path operation* receives it.

And also after the `response` is generated, before returning it.

For example, you could add a custom header `X-Process-Time` containing the time in seconds that it took to process the request and generate a response:

{* ../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001_py310.py hl[10,12:13] *}

/// tip

import org.dbflute.optional.OptionalThing;
import org.dbflute.util.DfTypeUtil;
import org.lastaflute.web.ruts.process.ActionRuntime;
import org.lastaflute.web.servlet.request.RequestManager;
import org.lastaflute.web.servlet.request.UserTimeZoneProcessProvider;

/**
 * The provider of user time-zone process.
 *
 * @author jflute
 */
public class FessUserTimeZoneProcessProvider implements UserTimeZoneProcessProvider {

import org.lastaflute.web.Execute;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.ActionResponse;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.HtmlResponse;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.render.RenderData;
import org.lastaflute.web.ruts.process.ActionRuntime;
import org.lastaflute.web.validation.VaErrorHook;
import org.lastaflute.web.validation.exception.ValidationErrorException;

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;

/**

 *
 * This class represents login credentials obtained through SPNEGO (Security Provider
 * Negotiation Protocol) authentication. It contains the username extracted from the
 * SPNEGO authentication process, typically from a Kerberos ticket.
 */
public class SpnegoCredential implements LoginCredential, FessCredential {

    /** The username extracted from SPNEGO authentication. */
    private final String username;

    /**
     * The version number of the user for optimistic locking.
     * This field is required to prevent concurrent modification conflicts
     * by ensuring the user hasn't been modified by another process.
     */
    @Required
    @ValidateTypeFailure
    public Integer versionNo;

                requestBuilder.prefix(normalizedPrefix);
            }

            final ListObjectsV2Response response = s3Client.listObjectsV2(requestBuilder.build());

            // Process common prefixes (directories)
            for (final CommonPrefix commonPrefix : response.commonPrefixes()) {
                final String dirName = getName(commonPrefix.prefix());

import org.lastaflute.web.Execute;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.ActionResponse;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.HtmlResponse;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.render.RenderData;
import org.lastaflute.web.ruts.process.ActionRuntime;

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * Admin action for Elevate Word management.
 *
 */
public class AdminElevatewordAction extends FessAdminAction {

    /**

                        <id>compile</id>
                        <phase>process-sources</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>compile</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                        <id>test-compile</id>
                        <phase>process-test-sources</phase>
                        <goals>

import org.dbflute.optional.OptionalThing;
import org.lastaflute.web.Execute;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.HtmlResponse;
import org.lastaflute.web.response.render.RenderData;
import org.lastaflute.web.ruts.process.ActionRuntime;

import jakarta.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * Admin action for Related Content management.
 *
 */
public class AdminRelatedcontentAction extends FessAdminAction {

    /**

* mount (verb): montar
* statement (as in code statement): statement (do not translate to "declaración" or "sentencia")
* worker process: worker process (do not translate to "proceso trabajador" or "proceso de trabajo")
* worker processes: worker processes (do not translate to "procesos trabajadores" or "procesos de trabajo")
* worker: worker (do not translate to "trabajador")
* load balancer: load balancer (do not translate to "balanceador de carga")